Support loading Magisk Manager from stub on 9.0+

In the effort of preventing apps from crawling APK contents across the
whole installed app list to detect Magisk Manager, the solution here
is to NOT install the actual APK into the system, but instead
dynamically load the full app at runtime by a stub app. The full APK
will be stored in the application's private internal data where
non-root processes cannot read or scan.

The basis of this implementation is the class "AppComponentFactory"
that is introduced in API 28. If assigned, the system framework will
delegate app component instantiation to our custom implementation,
which allows us to do all sorts of crazy stuffs, in our case dynamically
load classes and create objects that does not exist in our APK.

There are a few challenges to achieve our goal though. First, Java
ClassLoaders follow the "delegation pattern", which means class loading
resolution will first be delegated to the parent loader before we get
a chance to do anything. This includes DexClassLoader, which is what
we will be using to load DEX files at runtime. This is a problem
because our stub app and full app share quite a lot of class names.
A custom ClassLoader, DynamicClassLoader, is created to overcome this
issue: it will always load classes in its current dex path before
delegating it to the parent.

Second, all app components (with the exception of runtime
BroadcastReceivers) are required to be declared in AndroidManifest.xml.
The full Magisk Manager has quite a lot of components (including
those from WorkManager and Room). The solution is to copy the complete
AndroidManifest.xml from the full app to the stub, and our
AppComponentFactory is responsible to construct the proper objects or
return dummy implementations in case the full APK isn't downloaded yet.

Third, other than classes, all resources required to run the full app
are also not bundled with the stub APK. We have to call an internal API
`AssetManager.addAssetPath(String)` to add our downloaded full APK into
AssetManager in order to access resources within our full app. That
internal API has existed forever, and is whitelisted from restricted
API access on modern Android versions, so it is pretty safe to use.

Fourth, on the subject of resources, some resources are not just being
used by our app at runtime. Resources such as the app icon, app label,
launch theme, basically everything referred in AndroidManifest.xml,
are used by the system to display the app properly. The system get these
resources via resource IDs and direct loading from the installed APK.
This subset of resources would have to be copied into the stub to make
the app work properly.

Fifth, resource IDs are used all over the place in XMLs and Java code.
The resource IDs in the stub and full app cannot missmatch, or
somewhere, either it be the system or AssetManager, will refer to the
incorrect resource. The full app will have to include all resources in
the stub, and all of them have to be assigned to the exact same IDs in
both APKs. To achieve this, we use AAPT2's "--emit-ids" option to dump
the resource ID mapping when building the stub, and "--stable-ids" when
building the full APK to make sure all overlapping resources in full
and stub are always assigned to the same ID.

Finally, both stub and full app have to work properly independently.
On 9.0+, the stub will have to first launch an Activity to download
the full APK before it can relaunch into the full app. On pre-9.0, the
stub should behave as it always did: download and prompt installation
to upgrade itself to full Magisk Manager. In the full app, the goal
is to introduce minimal intrusion to the code base to make sure this
whole thing is maintainable in the future. Fortunately, the solution
ends up pretty slick: all ContextWrappers in the app will be injected
with custom Contexts. The custom Contexts will return our patched
Resources object and the ClassLoader that loads itself, which will be
DynamicClassLoader in the case of running as a delegate app.
By directly patching the base Context of ContextWrappers (which covers
tons of app components) and in the Koin DI, the effect propagates deep
into every aspect of the code, making this change basically fully
transparent to almost every piece of code in full Magisk Manager.

After this commit, the stub app is able to properly download and launch
the full app, with most basic functionalities working just fine.
Do not expect Magisk Manager upgrades and hiding (repackaging) to
work properly, and some other minor issues might pop up.
This feature is still in the early WIP stages.

app/src/main/java/com/topjohnwu/magisk/utils/DynamicClassLoader.kt

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-package com.topjohnwu.magisk.utils
-
-import dalvik.system.DexClassLoader
-import java.io.File
-import java.io.IOException
-import java.net.URL
-import java.util.*
-
-@Suppress("FunctionName")
-inline fun <reified T> T.DynamicClassLoader(apk: File) = DynamicClassLoader(apk, T::class.java.classLoader)
-
-class DynamicClassLoader(apk: File, parent: ClassLoader?)
-    : DexClassLoader(apk.path, apk.parent, null, parent) {
-
-    private val base by lazy { Any::class.java.classLoader!! }
-
-    @Throws(ClassNotFoundException::class)
-    override fun loadClass(name: String, resolve: Boolean) : Class<*>
-        = findLoadedClass(name) ?: runCatching {
-            base.loadClass(name)
-        }.getOrElse {
-            runCatching {
-                findClass(name)
-            }.getOrElse { err ->
-                runCatching {
-                    parent.loadClass(name)
-                }.getOrElse { throw err }
-            }
-        }
-
-    override fun getResource(name: String) = base.getResource(name)
-            ?: findResource(name)
-            ?: parent?.getResource(name)
-
-    @Throws(IOException::class)
-    override fun getResources(name: String): Enumeration<URL> {
-        val resources = mutableListOf(
-                base.getResources(name),
-                findResources(name), parent.getResources(name))
-        return object : Enumeration<URL> {
-            override fun hasMoreElements(): Boolean {
-                while (true) {
-                    if (resources.isEmpty())
-                        return false
-                    if (!resources[0].hasMoreElements()) {
-                        resources.removeAt(0)
-                    } else {
-                        return true
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            override fun nextElement(): URL {
-                if (!hasMoreElements())
-                    throw NoSuchElementException()
-                return resources[0].nextElement()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-}

app/src/main/java/com/topjohnwu/magisk/utils/LocaleManager.kt

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-package com.topjohnwu.magisk.utils
-
-import android.content.Context
-import android.content.ContextWrapper
-import android.content.res.Configuration
-import android.content.res.Resources
-import androidx.annotation.StringRes
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.Config
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.R
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.extensions.get
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.extensions.inject
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.extensions.langTagToLocale
-import com.topjohnwu.superuser.internal.InternalUtils
-import io.reactivex.Single
-import java.util.*
-
-var currentLocale = Locale.getDefault()!!
-    private set
-
-val defaultLocale = Locale.getDefault()!!
-
-val availableLocales = Single.fromCallable {
-    val compareId = R.string.app_changelog
-    val res: Resources by inject()
-    mutableListOf<Locale>().apply {
-        // Add default locale
-        add(Locale.ENGLISH)
-
-        // Add some special locales
-        add(Locale.TAIWAN)
-        add(Locale("pt", "BR"))
-
-        // Other locales
-        val otherLocales = res.assets.locales
-                .map { it.langTagToLocale() }
-                .distinctBy { LocaleManager.getString(it, compareId) }
-
-        listOf("", "").toTypedArray()
-
-        addAll(otherLocales)
-    }.sortedWith(Comparator { a, b ->
-        a.getDisplayName(a).toLowerCase(a)
-                .compareTo(b.getDisplayName(b).toLowerCase(b))
-    })
-}.cache()!!
-
-object LocaleManager {
-
-    fun setLocale(wrapper: ContextWrapper) {
-        val localeConfig = Config.locale
-        currentLocale = when {
-            localeConfig.isEmpty() -> defaultLocale
-            else -> localeConfig.langTagToLocale()
-        }
-        Locale.setDefault(currentLocale)
-        InternalUtils.replaceBaseContext(wrapper, getLocaleContext(wrapper, currentLocale))
-    }
-
-    fun getLocaleContext(context: Context, locale: Locale = currentLocale): Context {
-        val config = Configuration(context.resources.configuration)
-        config.setLocale(locale)
-        return context.createConfigurationContext(config)
-    }
-
-    fun getString(locale: Locale, @StringRes id: Int): String {
-        return getLocaleContext(get(), locale).getString(id)
-    }
-}

app/src/main/java/com/topjohnwu/magisk/utils/PatchAPK.kt

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ object PatchAPK {
 
         Config.suManager = pkg
         Config.export()
-        RootUtils.rmAndLaunch(BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID,
+        Utils.rmAndLaunch(BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID,
                 ComponentName(pkg, ClassMap.get<Class<*>>(SplashActivity::class.java).name))
 
         return true

app/src/main/java/com/topjohnwu/magisk/utils/ResourceMgr.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+@file:Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+
+package com.topjohnwu.magisk.utils
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.ContextWrapper
+import android.content.res.AssetManager
+import android.content.res.Configuration
+import android.content.res.Resources
+import androidx.annotation.StringRes
+import com.topjohnwu.magisk.Config
+import com.topjohnwu.magisk.R
+import com.topjohnwu.magisk.extensions.langTagToLocale
+import io.reactivex.Single
+import java.util.*
+
+var isRunningAsStub = false
+
+var currentLocale: Locale = Locale.getDefault()
+    private set
+
+@SuppressLint("ConstantLocale")
+val defaultLocale: Locale = Locale.getDefault()
+
+val availableLocales = Single.fromCallable {
+    val compareId = R.string.app_changelog
+    mutableListOf<Locale>().apply {
+        // Add default locale
+        add(Locale.ENGLISH)
+
+        // Add some special locales
+        add(Locale.TAIWAN)
+        add(Locale("pt", "BR"))
+
+        val config = Configuration()
+        val metrics = ResourceMgr.resource.displayMetrics
+        val res = Resources(ResourceMgr.resource.assets, metrics, config)
+
+        // Other locales
+        val otherLocales = ResourceMgr.resource.assets.locales
+                .map { it.langTagToLocale() }
+                .distinctBy {
+                    config.setLocale(it)
+                    res.updateConfiguration(config, metrics)
+                    res.getString(compareId)
+                }
+
+        listOf("", "").toTypedArray()
+
+        addAll(otherLocales)
+    }.sortedWith(Comparator { a, b ->
+        a.getDisplayName(a).toLowerCase(a)
+                .compareTo(b.getDisplayName(b).toLowerCase(b))
+    })
+}.cache()!!
+
+private val addAssetPath by lazy {
+    AssetManager::class.java.getMethod("addAssetPath", String::class.java)
+}
+
+fun AssetManager.addAssetPath(path: String) {
+    addAssetPath.invoke(this, path)
+}
+
+fun Context.wrap(global: Boolean = true): Context
+        = if (!global) ResourceMgr.ResContext(this) else ResourceMgr.GlobalResContext(this)
+
+object ResourceMgr {
+
+    lateinit var resource: Resources
+    private lateinit var resApk: String
+
+    fun init(context: Context) {
+        resource = context.resources
+        if (isRunningAsStub)
+            resApk = DynAPK.current(context).path
+    }
+
+    // Override locale and inject resources from dynamic APK
+    private fun Resources.patch(config: Configuration = Configuration(configuration)): Resources {
+        config.setLocale(currentLocale)
+        updateConfiguration(config, displayMetrics)
+        if (isRunningAsStub)
+            assets.addAssetPath(resApk)
+        return this
+    }
+
+    fun reload(config: Configuration = Configuration(resource.configuration)) {
+        val localeConfig = Config.locale
+        currentLocale = when {
+            localeConfig.isEmpty() -> defaultLocale
+            else -> localeConfig.langTagToLocale()
+        }
+        Locale.setDefault(currentLocale)
+        resource.patch(config)
+    }
+
+    fun getString(locale: Locale, @StringRes id: Int): String {
+        val config = Configuration()
+        config.setLocale(locale)
+        return Resources(resource.assets, resource.displayMetrics, config).getString(id)
+    }
+
+    open class GlobalResContext(base: Context) : ContextWrapper(base) {
+        open val mRes: Resources get() = resource
+        private val loader by lazy { javaClass.classLoader!! }
+
+        override fun getResources(): Resources {
+            return mRes
+        }
+
+        override fun getClassLoader(): ClassLoader {
+            return loader
+        }
+
+        override fun createConfigurationContext(config: Configuration): Context {
+            return ResContext(super.createConfigurationContext(config))
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ResContext(base: Context) : GlobalResContext(base) {
+        override val mRes by lazy { base.resources.patch() }
+    }
+
+}

app/src/main/java/com/topjohnwu/magisk/utils/RootInit.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.topjohnwu.magisk.utils
+
+import android.content.Context
+import com.topjohnwu.magisk.Const
+import com.topjohnwu.magisk.Info
+import com.topjohnwu.magisk.R
+import com.topjohnwu.magisk.extensions.rawResource
+import com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell
+import com.topjohnwu.superuser.ShellUtils
+import com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
+
+class RootInit : Shell.Initializer() {
+
+    override fun onInit(context: Context, shell: Shell): Boolean {
+        return init(context.wrap(), shell)
+    }
+
+    fun init(context: Context, shell: Shell): Boolean {
+        val job = shell.newJob()
+        if (shell.isRoot) {
+            job.add(context.rawResource(R.raw.util_functions))
+                    .add(context.rawResource(R.raw.utils))
+            Const.MAGISK_DISABLE_FILE = SuFile("/cache/.disable_magisk")
+            Info.loadMagiskInfo()
+        } else {
+            job.add(context.rawResource(R.raw.nonroot_utils))
+        }
+
+        job.add("mount_partitions",
+                "get_flags",
+                "run_migrations",
+                "export BOOTMODE=true")
+                .exec()
+
+        Info.keepVerity = ShellUtils.fastCmd("echo \$KEEPVERITY").toBoolean()
+        Info.keepEnc = ShellUtils.fastCmd("echo \$KEEPFORCEENCRYPT").toBoolean()
+        Info.recovery = ShellUtils.fastCmd("echo \$RECOVERYMODE").toBoolean()
+        return true
+    }
+}

app/src/main/java/com/topjohnwu/magisk/utils/RootUtils.kt

@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-package com.topjohnwu.magisk.utils
-
-import android.content.ComponentName
-import android.content.Context
-import android.content.Intent
-import android.net.Uri
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.Const
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.Info
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.R
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.extensions.rawResource
-import com.topjohnwu.magisk.extensions.toShellCmd
-import com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell
-import com.topjohnwu.superuser.ShellUtils
-import com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-import java.util.*
-import java.lang.reflect.Array as RArray
-
-fun Intent.toCommand(args: MutableList<String>) {
-    if (action != null) {
-        args.add("-a")
-        args.add(action!!)
-    }
-    if (component != null) {
-        args.add("-n")
-        args.add(component!!.flattenToString())
-    }
-    if (data != null) {
-        args.add("-d")
-        args.add(dataString!!)
-    }
-    if (categories != null) {
-        for (cat in categories) {
-            args.add("-c")
-            args.add(cat)
-        }
-    }
-    if (type != null) {
-        args.add("-t")
-        args.add(type!!)
-    }
-    val extras = extras
-    if (extras != null) {
-        loop@ for (key in extras.keySet()) {
-            val v = extras.get(key) ?: continue
-            var value: Any = v
-            val arg: String
-            when {
-                v is String -> arg = "--es"
-                v is Boolean -> arg = "--ez"
-                v is Int -> arg = "--ei"
-                v is Long -> arg = "--el"
-                v is Float -> arg = "--ef"
-                v is Uri -> arg = "--eu"
-                v is ComponentName -> {
-                    arg = "--ecn"
-                    value = v.flattenToString()
-                }
-                v is ArrayList<*> -> {
-                    if (v.size <= 0)
-                    /* Impossible to know the type due to type erasure */
-                        continue@loop
-
-                    arg = if (v[0] is Int)
-                        "--eial"
-                    else if (v[0] is Long)
-                        "--elal"
-                    else if (v[0] is Float)
-                        "--efal"
-                    else if (v[0] is String)
-                        "--esal"
-                    else
-                        continue@loop  /* Unsupported */
-
-                    val sb = StringBuilder()
-                    for (o in v) {
-                        sb.append(o.toString().replace(",", "\\,"))
-                        sb.append(',')
-                    }
-                    // Remove trailing comma
-                    sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length - 1)
-                    value = sb
-                }
-                v.javaClass.isArray -> {
-                    arg = if (v is IntArray)
-                        "--eia"
-                    else if (v is LongArray)
-                        "--ela"
-                    else if (v is FloatArray)
-                        "--efa"
-                    else if (v is Array<*> && v.isArrayOf<String>())
-                        "--esa"
-                    else
-                        continue@loop  /* Unsupported */
-
-                    val sb = StringBuilder()
-                    val len = RArray.getLength(v)
-                    for (i in 0 until len) {
-                        sb.append(RArray.get(v, i)!!.toString().replace(",", "\\,"))
-                        sb.append(',')
-                    }
-                    // Remove trailing comma
-                    sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length - 1)
-                    value = sb
-                }
-                else -> continue@loop
-            }  /* Unsupported */
-
-            args.add(arg)
-            args.add(key)
-            args.add(value.toString())
-        }
-    }
-    args.add("-f")
-    args.add(flags.toString())
-}
-
-fun startActivity(intent: Intent) {
-    if (intent.component == null)
-        return
-    val args = ArrayList<String>()
-    args.add("am")
-    args.add("start")
-    intent.toCommand(args)
-    Shell.su(args.toShellCmd()).exec()
-}
-
-class RootUtils : Shell.Initializer() {
-
-    override fun onInit(context: Context, shell: Shell): Boolean {
-        val job = shell.newJob()
-        if (shell.isRoot) {
-            job.add(context.rawResource(R.raw.util_functions))
-                    .add(context.rawResource(R.raw.utils))
-            Const.MAGISK_DISABLE_FILE = SuFile("/cache/.disable_magisk")
-            Info.loadMagiskInfo()
-        } else {
-            job.add(context.rawResource(R.raw.nonroot_utils))
-        }
-
-        job.add("mount_partitions",
-                "get_flags",
-                "run_migrations",
-                "export BOOTMODE=true")
-                .exec()
-
-        Info.keepVerity = ShellUtils.fastCmd("echo \$KEEPVERITY").toBoolean()
-        Info.keepEnc = ShellUtils.fastCmd("echo \$KEEPFORCEENCRYPT").toBoolean()
-        Info.recovery = ShellUtils.fastCmd("echo \$RECOVERYMODE").toBoolean()
-        return true
-    }
-
-    companion object {
-
-        fun rmAndLaunch(rm: String, component: ComponentName) {
-            Shell.su("(rm_launch $rm ${component.flattenToString()})").exec()
-        }
-    }
-}

app/src/main/java/com/topjohnwu/magisk/utils/Utils.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.topjohnwu.magisk.utils
 
+import android.content.ComponentName
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.content.res.Resources
@@ -72,4 +73,8 @@ object Utils {
             if ((exists() && isDirectory) || mkdirs()) this else null
         }
 
+    fun rmAndLaunch(rm: String, component: ComponentName) {
+        Shell.su("(rm_launch $rm ${component.flattenToString()})").exec()
+    }
+
 }