# Awesome Bluetooth Security (BR, EDR, LE, and Mesh) [![Awesome](https://cdn.rawgit.com/sindresorhus/awesome/d7305f38d29fed78fa85652e3a63e154dd8e8829/media/badge.svg)](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome) This list links to useful references for anyone working with Bluetooth BR/EDR/LE or Mesh security. Submit a PR if something is missing! ### To Do - Add list of useful research papers and whitepapers - Add list of useful articles - Add list of useful books ------ ## Contents - [Notable Vulnerabilities](#notable_vulnerabilities) - [Conference Talks](#conference_talks) - [Bluetooth Security Tools](#bluetooth_security_tools) - [Primary Reference Materials](#primary_references) - [Useful Sites](#useful_sites) ------ ## Notable Vulnerabilities | Vulnerability name | Conference & Year published | Vulnerability website URL | Paper URL | Video URL | SIG Notice | Technology Impacted | Related CVE | | :---- | :---------- | :------------------------------- | :----------- | :------ | :------ | :------ | :----------- | | BlueBorne | Black Hat Europe 2017 | [Site](https://www.armis.com/blueborne/) | [Paper](https://info.armis.com/rs/645-PDC-047/images/BlueBorne%20Technical%20White%20Paper_20171130.pdf) | [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLNtZKpL0P8) | No Notice | BR/EDR | CVE-2017-8628, CVE-2017-0781, CVE-2017-0782, CVE-2017-0783, CVE-2017-0785, CVE-2017-14315, CVE-2017-1000250, CVE-2017-1000251, CVE-2017-14315, CVE-2017-1000410 | | Bleedingbit | 2018 | [Site](https://www.armis.com/bleedingbit/) | [Paper](https://info.armis.com/rs/645-PDC-047/images/Armis-BLEEDINGBIT-Technical-White-Paper-WP.pdf) | [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZpAUapKvGY) | No Notice | LE | CVE-2018-7080, CVE-2018-16986 | | Fixed Coordinate Invalid Curve Attack | 2018 | [Site](https://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~biham/BT/) | [Paper](https://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~biham/BT/bt-fixed-coordinate-invalid-curve-attack.pdf) | No Video | [SIG Notice](https://www.bluetooth.com/learn-about-bluetooth/bluetooth-technology/bluetooth-security/bluetooth-sig-security-update/) | BR/EDR/LE | CVE-2018-5383 | | SweynTooth | 2019 | [Site](https://asset-group.github.io/disclosures/sweyntooth/) | [Paper](https://asset-group.github.io/disclosures/sweyntooth/sweyntooth.pdf) | [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iw8sIBLWE_w) | No Notice | LE | CVE-2019-16336, CVE-2019-17060, CVE-2019-17061, CVE-2019-17517, CVE-2019-17518, CVE-2019-17519, CVE-2019-17520, CVE-2019-19192, CVE-2019-19193, CVE-2019-19194, CVE-2019-19195, CVE-2019-19196, CVE-2020-10061, CVE-2020-10069, CVE-2020-13593, CVE-2020-13594, CVE-2020-13595 | | KNOB | USENIX 2019 | [Site](https://knobattack.com/) | [Paper](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec19-antonioli.pdf) | [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9Xg9XcnNh0) | [SIG Notice](https://www.bluetooth.com/learn-about-bluetooth/bluetooth-technology/bluetooth-security/reporting-security/statement-key-negotiation-of-bluetooth/) | BR/EDR | CVE-2019-9506 | | BIAS | IEEE S&P 2020 | [Site](https://francozappa.github.io/about-bias/) | [Paper](https://francozappa.github.io/about-bias/publication/antonioli-20-bias/antonioli-20-bias.pdf) | [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fASGU7Og5_4) | [SIG Notice](https://www.bluetooth.com/learn-about-bluetooth/bluetooth-technology/bluetooth-security/bias-vulnerability/) | BR/EDR | CVE-2020-10135 | | Pairing Method Confusion | 2020 | [Site](https://github.com/maxdos64/BThack) | [Paper](https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sp/2021/893400a213/1mbmHzm2Q6c) | No Video | [SIG Notice](https://www.bluetooth.com/learn-about-bluetooth/bluetooth-technology/bluetooth-security/method-vulnerability/) | BR/EDR/LE | CVE-2020-10134 | | BlueFrag | 2020 | [Article](https://insinuator.net/2020/04/cve-2020-0022-an-android-8-0-9-0-bluetooth-zero-click-rce-bluefrag/) | No Paper | No Video | No Notice | Android | CVE-2020-0022 | | Spectra | Black Hat USA 2020 | [Abstract](https://www.blackhat.com/us-20/briefings/schedule/index.html#spectra-breaking-separation-between-wireless-chips-20005) | TBD | [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZd66uVGKn8) | No Notice | WiFi+BT modules | CVE-2019-15063, CVE-2020-10367, CVE-2020-10368, CVE-2020-10369, CVE-2020-10370 | ------ ## Conference Talks ### 2003 - DEF CON 11 - Bruce Potter - Bluetooth - The Future of Wardriving [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-8m0jBdLF0) ### 2005 - 22C3 - Marcel Holtmann, Martin Herfurt, Adam Laurie: Bluetooth Hacking - The State of The Art [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynjZOIu_HqQ) ### 2006 - 23C3 - Thierry Zoller, Kevin Finistere: Bluetooth Hacking Revisited [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLMsLIZp5ww) ### 2007 - DeepSec 2007 - Marcel Holtmann: New Security Model of Bluetooth 2.1 [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXtDhQTqhKg) ### 2009 - DEF CON 17 - Dominic Spill, Michael Ossmann, and Mark Steward - Bluetooth Smells like Chicken [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru8RshSVkGI) - Shmoocon 2009 - Bluetooth-Ossman.m4v [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPp4TjJVJb8) ### 2010 - Shmoocon 2010 - Michael Ossmann - Bluetooth Keyboards: Who Owns Your Keystrokes? [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0RUN6SB6c8) - DEF CON 18: Breaking Bluetooth by Being Bored 1/3 [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ibia1Bn2Er8) ### 2011 - ShmooCon 2011: Project Ubertooth: Building a Better Bluetooth Adapter [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSd_1FE6z4Y) - DeepSec 2011 - Tommi Makila & Jukka Taimisto: Intelligent Bluetooth Fuzzing - Why bother? [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rvzrr_jfH64) ### 2012 - Ruxcon 2012: Bluetooth Packet Sniffing Using Project Ubertooth - Dominic Spill [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HU5qi7wimAM) - Toorcon 2012 - Hacking Bluetooth Low Energy: I Am Jack's Heart Monitor [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4POOiVrdnX8) - DEF CON 20: Passive Bluetooth Monitoring in Scapy [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FruyviVhvR8) ### 2013 - USENIX WOOT 2013 - Mike Ryan - Bluetooth: With Low Energy Comes Low Security [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mo-FsEmaqpo) - ShmooCon 9 - How Smart Is Bluetooth Smart? [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FfvLxW_cZg) - Blackhat USA 2013 - Bluetooth Smart: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly, and the Fix! [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoH11fi-FcA) - DeepSec 2013 - Veronica Valeros & Sebastian Garcia: Uncovering your Trails - Privacy Issues of Bluetooth Devices [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3fWjpxZFQE) ### 2014 - CanSecWest 2014: Outsmarting Bluetooth Smart [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYj6bpDzID0) - DEF CON 22 - The NSA Playset Bluetooth Smart Attack Tools [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z4gYyrKVFM) - DEF CON 22 - Grant Bugher - Detecting Bluetooth Surveillance Systems [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85uwy0ACJJw) ### 2015 - DEF CON 23 - Mike Ryan and Richo Healey - Hacking Electric Skateboards [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZ3EB68v_B0) ### 2016 - DEF CON 24 - Anthony Rose, Ben Ramsey - Picking Bluetooth Low Energy Locks a Quarter Mille Away [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrOReHwjCKI) - DEF CON 24 - Realtime Bluetooth Device Detection with Blue Hydra [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5AnZHY7g1M) - DEF CON 24 Internet of Things Village Damien Cauquil Btlejuice The Bluetooth Smart Mitm Framework [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcn07TclnS0) - Blackhat USA 2016 - Gattacking Bluetooth Smart Devices - Introducing a New BLE Proxy Tool [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKqdb4lF0XU) - Hack.lu 2016 - Damiel Cauquil - BtleJuice: the Bluetooth Smart Man In The Middle Framework [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G08fh5Sa7TU) - EMF16 - Michael Ossmann - My Ubertooth Year [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lGCKO13zuo) ### 2018 - DEF CON 26 - Damien Cauquil - You had better secure your BLE devices [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHJfd9h6G2s) - 35C3 - Dennis Mantz and Jiska Classen - Dissecting Broadcom Bluetooth [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_nI9ok7iQg) - MRMCD2018 - Dennis Mantz and Jiska Classen - A Deep Dive into Bluetooth Controller Firmware [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYPPOMQOev0) ### 2019 - DEF CON 27 - Damien Cauquil - Defeating Bluetooth Low Energy 5 PRNG for Fun and Jamming [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkIdpK7mAk4) - USENIX Security '19 - Pallavi Sivakumaran - A Study of the Feasibility of Co-located App Attacks against BLE [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1TNuxSCz9Y) - RSA 2019 - Mike Ryan - Bluetooth Reverse Engineering: Tools and Techniques [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCQ3iSy6R-U) - Hardwear.io USA 2019 - Mike Ryan - Bluetooth Hacking: Tools And Techniques [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kXbu2Htteg) - Hardwear.io Netherlands 2019 - Sultan Qasim Khan - Sniffle: A low-cost sniffer for Bluetooth 5 [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nClZzdvGlKg) - MRMCD2019 - Dennis Mantz and Jiska Classen - Playing with Bluetooth [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwkR8bcni38) - BruCON 0x0B - Damien Cauquil - Defeating Bluetooth Low Energy 5 PRNG for fun and jamming [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtaSCqngvqU) - Hack.LU 2019 - Damien Cauquil - Defeating Bluetooth Low Energy 5 PRNG For Fun And Jamming [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TaimqlQCew) ### 2020 - Hardwear.io Virtual Con 2020 - Daniele Antonioli - From Bluetooth Standard to Standard Compliant 0-days [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVSbF11uxuk) - DEF CON 28 - Jiska Classen and Francesco Gringoli - Spectra — New Wireless Escalation Targets [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZd66uVGKn8) ------ ## Bluetooth Security Tools ### Linux Utilities & Tools - BlueZ (l2ping, gatttool, hciconfig, hcidump, hcitool, sdptool, bccmd, bluetoothctl, etc.) [Link](http://www.bluez.org/) ### Scanners & Sniffers - Sniffle [Github](https://github.com/nccgroup/sniffle) - Bettercap [Github](https://github.com/bettercap/bettercap) - sparrow-wifi [Github](https://github.com/ghostop14/sparrow-wifi) - bluelog [Github](https://github.com/MS3FGX/Bluelog) - Blue Hydra [Github](https://github.com/pwnieexpress/blue_hydra) - btlesniffer [Github](https://github.com/scipag/btle-sniffer) - btscanner [Link](https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man1/btscanner.1.html) - BT Audit [Link](https://trifinite.org/trifinite_stuff_btaudit.html) - redfang [Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/redfang) - bleah (deprecated, replaced by Bettercap) [Github](https://github.com/evilsocket/bleah) ### Exploit Tools - Btlejack [Github](https://github.com/virtualabs/btlejack) - crackle [Github](https://github.com/mikeryan/crackle) - btcrack [Github](https://github.com/mikeryan/btcrack) - BLE-Replay [Github](https://github.com/nccgroup/BLE-Replay) - BLESuite-CLI [Github](https://github.com/nccgroup/BLESuite-CLI) - BlueMaho [Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/bluemaho) - BlueDiving [Sourceforge](http://bluediving.sourceforge.net/) - Blooover [Link](https://trifinite.org/trifinite_stuff_blooover.html) - l2ping (BlueSmack DoS) [Link](https://trifinite.org/trifinite_stuff_bluesmack.html) - hidattacl [Link](https://mulliner.org/bluetooth/hidattack.php) ### OBEX Attack Tools - obexstress [Download](http://bluetooth-pentest.narod.ru/software/obexstress.py) - bluesnarfer [Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/bluesnarfer) - nOBEX [Github](https://github.com/nccgroup/nOBEX) ### Fuzzing - bss (unsupported) [Github](https://github.com/hllhll/BluetoothStackSmasher) - Defensics (Commercial) [Link](https://www.synopsys.com/software-integrity/security-testing/fuzz-testing.html) ### Firmware Analysis - InternalBlue [Github](https://github.com/seemoo-lab/internalblue) - Frankenstein [Github](https://github.com/seemoo-lab/frankenstein) - Nexmon [Github](https://github.com/seemoo-lab/nexmon/tree/bluetooth-wip) ### Man-in-the-middle & Packet Injection - BtleJuice [Github](https://github.com/DigitalSecurity/btlejuice) - Gattacker [Github](https://github.com/securing/gattacker) - BTLE (for SDRs) [Github](https://github.com/JiaoXianjun/BTLE) - (Unsupported) Btproxy [Github](https://github.com/conorpp/btproxy) ### Device Spoofing - Spooftooph [Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/spooftooph) - Bluefog [Github](https://github.com/MS3FGX/Bluefog) ### Ping & Signal Strength Tools - blue_sonar [Github](https://github.com/ZeroChaos-/blue_sonar) - BlueRanger [Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/blueranger) ### Honeypot - bluepot [Github](https://github.com/andrewmichaelsmith/bluepot/) ### Android Apps - nRF Connect for Mobile [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=no.nordicsemi.android.mcp) ### Hardware - Nordic Semiconductor nRF-51 Development Kit [Link](https://www.nordicsemi.com/Software-and-Tools/Development-Kits/nRF51-DK) - Sena UD-100 (~$39) [Link](www.senanetworks.com/ud100-g03.html) - Ubertooth One (~$120) [Link](https://greatscottgadgets.com/ubertoothone/) - Ellisys Bluetooth Tools [Link](https://www.ellisys.com/products/btcompare.php) - Frontline Bluetooth Tools [Link](http://www.fte.com/products/default.aspx) ### Other - Wireshark: Protocol analyzer and packet capture [Link](https://www.wireshark.org/) - Frontline Wireless Protocol Suite (Windows only) [Link](http://www.fte.com/support/wps-download.aspx?demo=802.11&iid=1y) - Uberducky (BLE-triggered rubber ducky) [Github](https://github.com/mikeryan/uberducky) - CarWhisperer: Bluetooth sniffer for in-vehicle connections [Link](https://trifinite.org/trifinite_stuff_carwhisperer.html) - BLEBoy: BLE testing platform [Github](https://github.com/nccgroup/BLEBoy) ------ ## Primary Reference Materials Bluetooth Core Specifications [Link](https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification/) NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-121 revision 2 [Link](https://www.nist.gov/publications/guide-bluetooth-security-1) ------ ## Useful Sites - List of Bluetooth bugs [Link](http://bluetooth.lol/) - Bluetooth arsenal tool list [Github](https://github.com/0x90/bluetooth-arsenal) - trifinite Bluetooth info [Link](https://trifinite.org/trifinite_stuff.html) - Mike Ryan's Bluetooth info [Link](https://lacklustre.net/bluetooth/) - Colin Mulliner's Bluetooth info [Link](https://mulliner.org/bluetooth/) - BlackArch Linux tool list [Link](https://blackarch.org/bluetooth.html) - Bluetooth pen test framework [Link](http://bluetooth-pentest.narod.ru/)