diff --git a/10_Blackjack/rust/Cargo.toml b/10_Blackjack/rust/Cargo.toml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1c2935d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/10_Blackjack/rust/Cargo.toml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +[package] +name = "rust" +version = "0.1.0" +edition = "2021" + +# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html + +[dependencies] +rand = "0.8.5" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/10_Blackjack/rust/README.md b/10_Blackjack/rust/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f84e546c --- /dev/null +++ b/10_Blackjack/rust/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Original source downloaded [from Vintage Basic](http://www.vintage-basic.net/games.html) + +Conversion to [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/) by Anthony Rubick [AnthonyMichaelTDM](https://github.com/AnthonyMichaelTDM) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/10_Blackjack/rust/src/main.rs b/10_Blackjack/rust/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e3a0a459 --- /dev/null +++ b/10_Blackjack/rust/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,634 @@ +use rand::{prelude::{thread_rng, SliceRandom}}; +use std::{io, io::{stdout, Write}}; + +/** + * todo list: + * + * allow splitting + */ + + +//DATA +//enums +enum PlayerType { + Player, + Dealer, +} +impl ToString for PlayerType { + fn to_string(&self) -> String { + match self { + &PlayerType::Dealer => return String::from("Dealer"), + &PlayerType::Player => return String::from("Player"), + } + } +} +enum Play { + Stand, + Hit, + DoubleDown, + Split, +} +impl ToString for Play { + fn to_string(&self) -> String { + match self { + &Play::Hit => return String::from("Hit"), + &Play::Stand => return String::from("Stand"), + &Play::DoubleDown => return String::from("Double Down"), + &Play::Split => return String::from("Split") + } + } +} +//structs +struct CARD<'a> { + name: &'a str, + value: u8, +} +impl<'a> CARD<'a> { + /** + * creates a new card from the passed card name + */ + fn new(card_name: &str) -> CARD { + return CARD { name: card_name, value: CARD::determine_value_from_name(card_name) }; + } + + /** + * returns the value associated with a card with the passed name + * return 0 if the passed card name doesn't exist + */ + fn determine_value_from_name(card_name: &str) -> u8 { + //DATA + let value:u8; + + match card_name.to_ascii_uppercase().as_str() { + "ACE" => value = 11, + "2" => value = 2, + "3" => value = 3, + "4" => value = 4, + "5" => value = 5, + "6" => value = 6, + "7" => value = 7, + "8" => value = 8, + "9" => value = 9, + "10" => value = 10, + "JACK" => value = 10, + "QUEEN" => value = 10, + "KING" => value = 10, + _ => value = 0, + } + + return value; + } +} +struct HAND<'a> { + cards: Vec>, +} +impl<'a> HAND<'a> { + /** + * returns a new empty hand + */ + fn new() -> HAND<'a> { + return HAND { cards: Vec::new()}; + } + + /** + * add a passed card to this hand + */ + fn add_card(&mut self, card: CARD<'a>) { + self.cards.push(card); + } + + /** + * returns the total points of the cards in this hand + */ + fn get_total(&self) -> usize { + let mut total:usize = 0; + for card in &self.cards { + total += card.value as usize; + } + + //if there is an ACE, and the hand would otherwise bust, treat the ace like it's worth 1 + if total > 21 && self.cards.iter().any(|c| -> bool {*c.name == *"ACE"}) { + total -= 10; + } + + return total; + } + + /** + * adds the cards in hand into the discard pile + */ + fn discard_hand(&mut self, deck: &mut DECKS<'a>) { + let len = self.cards.len(); + for _i in 0..len { + deck.discard_pile.push(self.cards.pop().expect("hand empty")); + } + } +} +struct DECKS<'a> { + deck: Vec>, //cards in the deck + discard_pile: Vec> //decks discard pile +} +impl<'a> DECKS<'a> { + /** + * creates a new full and shuffled deck, and an empty discard pile + */ + fn new() -> DECKS<'a> { + //returns a number of full decks of 52 cards, shuffles them + //DATA + let mut deck = DECKS{deck: Vec::new(), discard_pile: Vec::new()}; + let number_of_decks = 3; + + //fill deck + for _n in 0..number_of_decks { //fill deck with number_of_decks decks worth of cards + for card_name in CARD_NAMES { //add 4 of each card, totaling one deck with 4 of each card + deck.deck.push( CARD::new(card_name) ); + deck.deck.push( CARD::new(card_name) ); + deck.deck.push( CARD::new(card_name) ); + deck.deck.push( CARD::new(card_name) ); + } + } + + //shuffle deck + deck.shuffle(); + + //return deck + return deck; + } + + /** + * shuffles the deck + */ + fn shuffle(&mut self) { + self.deck.shuffle(&mut thread_rng()); + } + + /** + * draw card from deck, and return it + * if deck is empty, shuffles discard pile into it and tries again + */ + fn draw_card(&mut self) -> CARD<'a> { + match self.deck.pop() { + Some(card) => return card, + None => { + let len = self.discard_pile.len(); + + if len > 0 {//deck is empty, shuffle discard pile into deck and try again + println!("deck is empty, shuffling"); + for _i in 0..len { + self.deck.push( self.discard_pile.pop().expect("discard pile empty") ) + } + self.shuffle(); + return self.draw_card(); + } else { //discard pile and deck are empty, should never happen + panic!("discard pile empty"); + } + } + } + } +} + +struct PLAYER<'a> { + hand: HAND<'a>, + balance: usize, + bet: usize, + wins: usize, + player_type: PlayerType, + index: usize, + +} +impl<'a> PLAYER<'a> { + /** + * creates a new player of the given type + */ + fn new(player_type: PlayerType, index: usize) -> PLAYER<'a> { + return PLAYER { hand: HAND::new(), balance: STARTING_BALANCE, bet: 0, wins: 0, player_type: player_type, index: index}; + } + + fn get_name(&self) -> String { + format!("{}{}", self.player_type.to_string(),self.index) + } + + /** + * gets a bet from the player + */ + fn get_bet(&mut self) { + if let PlayerType::Player = self.player_type { + if self.balance < 1 { + println!("{} is out of money :(", self.get_name()); + self.bet = 0; + } + self.bet = get_number_from_user_input(format!("{}\tBet?",self.get_name()).as_str(), 1, self.balance); + } + } + + /** + * returns a string of the players hand + * + * if player is a dealer, returns the first card in the hand followed by *'s for every other card + * if player is a player, returns every card and the total + */ + fn hand_as_string(&self, hide_dealer:bool) -> String { + if !hide_dealer { + return format!( + "{}\n\ttotal points = {}", //message + { //cards in hand + let mut s:String = String::new(); + for cards_in_hand in self.hand.cards.iter().rev() { + s += format!("{}\t", cards_in_hand.name).as_str(); + } + s + }, + self.hand.get_total() //total points in hand + ); + } + else { + match &self.player_type { + &PlayerType::Dealer => { //if this is a dealer + return format!( + "{}*",//message + { //*'s for other cards + let mut s:String = String::new(); + let mut cards_in_hand = self.hand.cards.iter(); + cards_in_hand.next();//consume first card drawn + for c in cards_in_hand.rev() { + s += format!("{}\t", c.name).as_str(); + } + s + } + ); + }, + &PlayerType::Player => { //if this is a player + return format!( + "{}\n\ttotal points = {}", //message + { //cards in hand + let mut s:String = String::new(); + for cards_in_hand in self.hand.cards.iter().rev() { + s += format!("{}\t", cards_in_hand.name).as_str(); + } + s + }, + self.hand.get_total() //total points in hand + ); + } + } + } + } + + /** + * get the players 'play' + */ + fn get_play(&self) -> Play { + /* + do different things depending on what type of player this is: + if it's a dealer, use an algorithm to determine the play + if it's a player, ask user for input + */ + match &self.player_type { + &PlayerType::Dealer => { + if self.hand.get_total() > 16 { // if total value of hand is greater than 16, stand + return Play::Stand; + } else { //otherwise hit + return Play::Hit; + } + }, + &PlayerType::Player => { + let valid_results:Vec; + if self.hand.cards.len() > 2 {//if there are more than 2 cards in the hand, at least one turn has happened, so splitting and doubling down are not allowed + valid_results = vec!['s','S','h','H']; + } else { + valid_results = vec!['s','S','h','H','d','D','/']; + } + let play = get_char_from_user_input("\tWhat is your play?", &valid_results); + match play { + 's' | 'S' => return Play::Stand, + 'h' | 'H' => return Play::Hit, + 'd' | 'D' => return Play::DoubleDown, + '/' => return Play::Split, + _ => panic!("get_char_from_user_input() returned invalid character"), + } + }, + } + } +} + +struct GAME<'a> { + players: Vec>, //last item in this is the dealer + decks: DECKS<'a>, + games_played:usize, +} +impl<'a> GAME<'a> { + /** + * creates a new game + */ + fn new(num_players:usize) -> GAME<'a> { + //DATA + let mut players: Vec = Vec::new(); + + //add dealer + players.push(PLAYER::new(PlayerType::Dealer,0)); + //create human player(s) (at least one) + players.push(PLAYER::new(PlayerType::Player,1)); + for i in 2..=num_players { //one less than num_players players + players.push(PLAYER::new(PlayerType::Player,i)); + } + + //ask if they want instructions + if let 'y'|'Y' = get_char_from_user_input("Do you want instructions? (y/n)", &vec!['y','Y','n','N']) { + instructions(); + } + println!(); + + //return a game + return GAME { players: players, decks: DECKS::new(), games_played: 0} + } + + /** + * prints the score of every player + */ + fn _print_stats(&self) { + println!("{}", self.stats_as_string()); + } + + /** + * returns a string of the wins, balance, and bets of every player + */ + fn stats_as_string(&self) -> String { + format!("Scores:\n{}",{ + let mut s = String::new(); + self.players.iter().for_each(|p| { + //format the presentation of player stats + match p.player_type { + PlayerType::Player => s+= format!("{} Wins:\t{}\t\tBalance:\t{}\t\tBet\t{}\n",p.get_name(),p.wins,p.balance,p.bet).as_str(), + PlayerType::Dealer => s+= format!("{} Wins:\t{}\n",p.get_name(),p.wins).as_str() + } + }); + s + }) + } + + /** + * plays a round of blackjack + */ + fn play_game(&mut self) { + //DATA + let scores; + let game = self.games_played; //save it here so we don't have borrowing issues + let mut player_hands_message: String = String::new();//cache it here so we don't have borrowing issues + + //deal cards to each player + for _i in 0..2 { // do this twice + //draw card for each player + self.players.iter_mut().for_each(|player| {player.hand.add_card( self.decks.draw_card() );}); + } + + //get everyones bets + self.players.iter_mut().for_each(|player| player.get_bet()); + scores = self.stats_as_string(); //save it here so we don't have borrowing issues later + + //play game for each player + for player in self.players.iter_mut() { + //turn loop, ends when player finishes their turn + loop{ + //clear screen + clear(); + //print welcome + welcome(); + //print game state + println!("\n\t\t\tGame {}", game); + //print scores + println!("{}",scores); + //print hands of all players + print!("{}", player_hands_message); + println!("{} Hand:\t{}", player.get_name(), player.hand_as_string(true)); + + if let PlayerType::Player = player.player_type { //player isn't the dealer + if player.bet == 0 {//player is out of money + break;//exit turn loop + } + } + + //play through turn + //check their hand value for a blackjack(21) or bust + let score = player.hand.get_total(); + if score >= 21 { + if score == 21 { // == 21 + println!("\tBlackjack! (21 points)"); + } else { // > 21 + println!("\tBust ({} points)", score); + } + break; //end turn + } + + //get player move + let play = player.get_play(); + //process play + match play { + Play::Stand => { + println!("\t{}", play.to_string()); + break; //end turn + }, + Play::Hit => { + println!("\t{}", play.to_string()); + //give them a card + player.hand.add_card( self.decks.draw_card() ); + }, + Play::DoubleDown => { + println!("\t{}", play.to_string()); + + //double their balance if there's enough money, othewise go all-in + if player.bet * 2 < player.balance { + player.bet *= 2; + } + else { + player.bet = player.balance; + } + //give them a card + player.hand.add_card( self.decks.draw_card() ); + }, + Play::Split => { + + }, + } + } + + //add player to score cache thing + player_hands_message += format!("{} Hand:\t{}\n", player.get_name(), player.hand_as_string(true)).as_str(); + } + + //determine winner + let mut top_score = 0; //player with the highest points + let mut num_winners = 1; + for player in self.players.iter_mut().enumerate().filter( |x| -> bool {x.1.hand.get_total()<=21}) { //players_who_didnt_bust + let score = player.1.hand.get_total(); + if score > top_score { + top_score = score; + num_winners = 1; + } else if score == top_score { + num_winners += 1; + } + } + + //print winner(s) + self.players.iter_mut().filter(|x|->bool{x.hand.get_total()==top_score}).for_each(|x| {//for each player with the top score + print!("{} ", x.get_name());//print name + x.wins += 1;//increment their wins + }); + if num_winners > 1 {println!("all tie with {}\n\n\n", top_score);} + else {println!("wins with {}!\n\n\n",top_score);} + + //handle bets + //remove money from losers + self.players.iter_mut().filter(|p| p.hand.get_total()!=top_score).for_each( |p| p.balance -= p.bet); //for every player who didn't get the winning score, remove their bet from their balance + //add money to winner + self.players.iter_mut().filter(|p| p.hand.get_total()==top_score).for_each(|p| p.balance += p.bet); //for each player who got the winning score, add their bet to their balance + + //discard hands + self.players.iter_mut().for_each(|player| {player.hand.discard_hand(&mut self.decks);}); + + //increment games_played + self.games_played += 1; + } + + + +} + +const CARD_NAMES: [&str;13] = ["ACE","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","JACK","QUEEN","KING"]; +const STARTING_BALANCE: usize = 100; + +fn main() { + //DATA + let mut game: GAME; + + //print welcome message + welcome(); + + //create game + game = GAME::new( get_number_from_user_input("How many players should there be (at least 1)?", 1, 7) ); + + //game loop, play game until user wants to stop + loop { + //play round + game.play_game(); + + //ask if they want to play again + match get_char_from_user_input("Play Again? (y/n)", &vec!['y','Y','n','N']) { + 'y' | 'Y' => continue, + 'n' | 'N' => break, + _ => break, + } + } +} + +/** + * prints the welcome screen + */ +fn welcome() { + //welcome message + print!(" + BLACK JACK + CREATIVE COMPUTING MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY + \n\n"); +} + +/** + * prints the instructions + */ +fn instructions() { + println!(" + THIS IS THE GAME OF 21. AS MANY AS 7 PLAYERS MAY PLAY THE + GAME. ON EACH DEAL, BETS WILL BE ASKED FOR, AND THE + PLAYERS' BETS SHOULD BE TYPED IN. THE CARDS WILL THEN BE + DEALT, AND EACH PLAYER IN TURN PLAYS HIS HAND. THE + FIRST RESPONSE SHOULD BE EITHER 'D', INDICATING THAT THE + PLAYER IS DOUBLING DOWN, 'S', INDICATING THAT HE IS + STANDING, 'H', INDICATING HE WANTS ANOTHER CARD, OR '/', + INDICATING THAT HE WANTS TO SPLIT HIS CARDS. AFTER THE + INITIAL RESPONSE, ALL FURTHER RESPONSES SHOULD BE 'S' OR + 'H', UNLESS THE CARDS WERE SPLIT, IN WHICH CASE DOUBLING + DOWN IS AGAIN PERMITTED. IN ORDER TO COLLECT FOR + BLACKJACK, THE INITIAL RESPONSE SHOULD BE 'S'. + NUMBER OF PLAYERS + + NOTE:'/' (splitting) is not currently implemented, and does nothing + + PRESS ENTER TO CONTINUE + "); + io::stdin().read_line(&mut String::new()).expect("Failed to read line"); +} + +/** + * gets a usize integer from user input + */ +fn get_number_from_user_input(prompt: &str, min:usize, max:usize) -> usize { + //input loop + return loop { + let mut raw_input = String::new(); // temporary variable for user input that can be parsed later + + //print prompt + println!("{}", prompt); + stdout().flush().expect("Failed to flush to stdout."); + //read user input from standard input, and store it to raw_input + //raw_input.clear(); //clear input + io::stdin().read_line(&mut raw_input).expect( "CANNOT READ INPUT!"); + + //from input, try to read a number + match raw_input.trim().parse::() { + Ok(i) => { + if i < min || i > max { //input out of desired range + println!("INPUT OUT OF VALID RANGE. TRY AGAIN. {}-{}",min,max); + continue; // run the loop again + } + else { + break i;// this escapes the loop, returning i + } + }, + Err(e) => { + println!("INVALID INPUT. TRY AGAIN. {}", e.to_string().to_uppercase()); + continue; // run the loop again + } + }; + }; +} + +/** + * gets a character from user input + * returns the first character they type + */ +fn get_char_from_user_input(prompt: &str, valid_results: &Vec) -> char { + //input loop + return loop { + let mut raw_input = String::new(); // temporary variable for user input that can be parsed later + + //print prompt + println!("{}", prompt); + stdout().flush().expect("Failed to flush to stdout."); + //read user input from standard input, and store it to raw_input + //raw_input.clear(); //clear input + io::stdin().read_line(&mut raw_input).expect( "CANNOT READ INPUT!"); + + //from input, try to read a valid character + match raw_input.trim().chars().nth(0) { + Some(i) => { + if !valid_results.contains(&i) { //input out of desired range + println!("INPUT IS NOT VALID CHARACTER. TRY AGAIN."); + continue; // run the loop again + } + else { + break i;// this escapes the loop, returning i + } + }, + None => { + println!("INVALID INPUT. TRY AGAIN."); + continue; // run the loop again + } + }; + }; +} + +/** + * clear std out + */ +fn clear() { + println!("\x1b[2J\x1b[0;0H"); +}