basic-computer-games/05_Bagels/python/bagels.py

"""
Bagels

From: BASIC Computer Games (1978)
      Edited by David H. Ahl

"In this game, the computer picks a 3-digit secret number using
 the digits 0 to 9 and you attempt to guess what it is.  You are
 allowed up to twenty guesses.  No digit is repeated.  After
 each guess the computer will give you clues about your guess
 as follows:

 PICO     One digit is correct, but in the wrong place
 FERMI    One digit is in the correct place
 BAGELS   No digit is correct

"You will learn to draw inferences from the clues and, with
 practice, you'll learn to improve your score.  There are several
 good strategies for playing Bagels.  After you have found a good
 strategy, see if you can improve it.  Or try a different strategy
 altogether and see if it is any better.  While the program allows
 up to twenty guesses, if you use a good strategy it should not
 take more than eight guesses to get any number.

"The original authors of this program are D. Resek and P. Rowe of
 the Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, California."


Python port by Jeff Jetton, 2019
"""


import random
from typing import List

MAX_GUESSES = 20


def print_rules() -> None:
    print("\nI am thinking of a three-digit number.  Try to guess")
    print("my number and I will give you clues as follows:")
    print("   PICO   - One digit correct but in the wrong position")
    print("   FERMI  - One digit correct and in the right position")
    print("   BAGELS - No digits correct")


def pick_number() -> List[str]:
    # Note that this returns a list of individual digits
    # as separate strings, not a single integer or string
    numbers = list(range(10))
    random.shuffle(numbers)
    num = numbers[:3]
    return [str(i) for i in num]


def get_valid_guess(guesses: int) -> str:
    valid = False
    while not valid:
        guess = input(f"Guess # {guesses}     ? ")
        guess = guess.strip()
        # Guess must be three characters
        if len(guess) == 3:
            # And they should be numbers
            if guess.isnumeric():
                # And the numbers must be unique
                if len(set(guess)) == 3:
                    valid = True
                else:
                    print("Oh, I forgot to tell you that the number I have in mind")
                    print("has no two digits the same.")
            else:
                print("What?")
        else:
            print("Try guessing a three-digit number.")

    return guess


def build_result_string(num: List[str], guess: str) -> str:
    result = ""

    # Correct digits in wrong place
    for i in range(2):
        if num[i] == guess[i + 1]:
            result += "PICO "
        if num[i + 1] == guess[i]:
            result += "PICO "
    if num[0] == guess[2]:
        result += "PICO "
    if num[2] == guess[0]:
        result += "PICO "

    # Correct digits in right place
    for i in range(3):
        if num[i] == guess[i]:
            result += "FERMI "

    # Nothing right?
    if result == "":
        result = "BAGELS"

    return result


def main() -> None:
    # Intro text
    print("\n                Bagels")
    print("Creative Computing  Morristown, New Jersey\n\n")

    # Anything other than N* will show the rules
    response = input("Would you like the rules (Yes or No)? ")
    if len(response) > 0:
        if response.upper()[0] != "N":
            print_rules()
    else:
        print_rules()

    games_won = 0
    still_running = True
    while still_running:

        # New round
        num = pick_number()
        num_str = "".join(num)
        guesses = 1

        print("\nO.K.  I have a number in mind.")
        guessing = True
        while guessing:

            guess = get_valid_guess(guesses)

            if guess == num_str:
                print("You got it!!!\n")
                games_won += 1
                guessing = False
            else:
                print(build_result_string(num, guess))
                guesses += 1
                if guesses > MAX_GUESSES:
                    print("Oh well")
                    print(f"That's {MAX_GUESSES} guesses.  My number was {num_str}")
                    guessing = False

        valid_response = False
        while not valid_response:
            response = input("Play again (Yes or No)? ")
            if len(response) > 0:
                valid_response = True
                if response.upper()[0] != "Y":
                    still_running = False

    if games_won > 0:
        print(f"\nA {games_won} point Bagels buff!!")

    print("Hope you had fun.  Bye.\n")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

######################################################################
#
# Porting Notes
#
#   The original program did an unusually good job of validating the
#   player's input (compared to many of the other programs in the
#   book). Those checks and responses have been exactly reproduced.
#
#
# Ideas for Modifications
#
#   It should probably mention that there's a maximum of MAX_NUM
#   guesses in the instructions somewhere, shouldn't it?
#
#   Could this program be written to use anywhere from, say 2 to 6
#   digits in the number to guess? How would this change the routine
#   that creates the "result" string?
#
######################################################################