mirror of
https://github.com/mandiant/capa.git
synced 2026-01-01 07:26:22 -08:00
484 lines
22 KiB
Python
484 lines
22 KiB
Python
# Copyright (C) 2020 FireEye, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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# You may obtain a copy of the License at: [package root]/LICENSE.txt
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
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# is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
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import os.path
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import collections
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try:
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from functools import lru_cache
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except ImportError:
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from backports.functools_lru_cache import lru_cache
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import pytest
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import capa.features
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import capa.features.file
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import capa.features.insn
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import capa.features.basicblock
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import capa.features.extractors.lancelot.file
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import capa.features.extractors.lancelot.insn
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import capa.features.extractors.lancelot.function
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import capa.features.extractors.lancelot.basicblock
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from capa.features import ARCH_X32, ARCH_X64
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CD = os.path.dirname(__file__)
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@lru_cache
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def extract_file_features(extractor):
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features = set([])
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for feature, va in extractor.extract_file_features():
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features.add(feature)
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return features
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@lru_cache
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def extract_function_features(extractor, f):
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features = collections.defaultdict(set)
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for bb in extractor.get_basic_blocks(f):
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for insn in extractor.get_instructions(f, bb):
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for feature, va in extractor.extract_insn_features(f, bb, insn):
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features[feature].add(va)
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for feature, va in extractor.extract_basic_block_features(f, bb):
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features[feature].add(va)
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for feature, va in extractor.extract_function_features(f):
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features[feature].add(va)
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return features
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@lru_cache
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def extract_basic_block_features(extractor, f, bb):
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features = set({})
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for insn in extractor.get_instructions(f, bb):
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for feature, _ in extractor.extract_insn_features(f, bb, insn):
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features.add(feature)
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for feature, _ in extractor.extract_basic_block_features(f, bb):
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features.add(feature)
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return features
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@lru_cache
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def get_lancelot_extractor(path):
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with open(path, "rb") as f:
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buf = f.read()
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return capa.features.extractors.lancelot.LancelotFeatureExtractor(buf)
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@pytest.fixture
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def sample(request):
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if request.param == "mimikatz":
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return os.path.join(CD, "data", "mimikatz.exe_")
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elif request.param == "kernel32":
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return os.path.join(CD, "data", "kernel32.dll_")
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elif request.param == "kernel32-64":
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return os.path.join(CD, "data", "kernel32-64.dll_")
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elif request.param == "pma12-04":
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return os.path.join(CD, "data", "Practical Malware Analysis Lab 12-04.exe_")
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else:
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raise ValueError("unexpected sample fixture")
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def get_function(extractor, fva):
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for f in extractor.get_functions():
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if f.__int__() == fva:
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return f
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raise ValueError("function not found")
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def get_basic_block(extractor, f, va):
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for bb in extractor.get_basic_blocks(f):
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if bb.__int__() == va:
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return bb
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raise ValueError("basic block not found")
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@pytest.fixture
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def scope(request):
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if request.param == "file":
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return extract_file_features
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elif "bb=" in request.param:
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# like `function=0x401000,bb=0x40100A`
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fspec, _, bbspec = request.param.partition(",")
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fva = int(fspec.partition("=")[2], 0x10)
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bbva = int(bbspec.partition("=")[2], 0x10)
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def inner(extractor):
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f = get_function(extractor, fva)
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bb = get_basic_block(extractor, f, bbva)
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return extract_basic_block_features(extractor, f, bb)
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return inner
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elif request.param.startswith("function"):
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# like `function=0x401000`
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va = int(request.param.partition("=")[2], 0x10)
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def inner(extractor):
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f = get_function(extractor, va)
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return extract_function_features(extractor, f)
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return inner
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else:
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raise ValueError("unexpected scope fixture")
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def parametrize(params, values, **kwargs):
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"""
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extend `pytest.mark.parametrize` to pretty-print features.
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by default, it renders objects as an opaque value.
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ref: https://docs.pytest.org/en/2.9.0/example/parametrize.html#different-options-for-test-ids
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rendered ID might look something like:
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mimikatz-function=0x403BAC-api(CryptDestroyKey)-True
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"""
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ids = ["-".join(map(str, vs)) for vs in values]
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return pytest.mark.parametrize(params, values, ids=ids, **kwargs)
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@parametrize(
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"sample,scope,feature,expected",
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[
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# file/characteristic("embedded pe")
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("pma12-04", "file", capa.features.Characteristic("embedded pe"), True),
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# file/string
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.String("SCardControl"), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.String("SCardTransmit"), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.String("ACR > "), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.String("nope"), False),
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# file/sections
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Section(".rsrc"), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Section(".text"), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Section(".nope"), False),
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# file/exports
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("kernel32", "file", capa.features.file.Export("BaseThreadInitThunk"), True),
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("kernel32", "file", capa.features.file.Export("lstrlenW"), True),
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("kernel32", "file", capa.features.file.Export("nope"), False),
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# file/imports
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Import("advapi32.CryptSetHashParam"), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Import("CryptSetHashParam"), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Import("kernel32.IsWow64Process"), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Import("msvcrt.exit"), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Import("cabinet.#11"), True),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Import("#11"), False),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Import("#nope"), False),
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("mimikatz", "file", capa.features.file.Import("nope"), False),
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# function/characteristic(loop)
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("mimikatz", "function=0x401517", capa.features.Characteristic("loop"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x401000", capa.features.Characteristic("loop"), False),
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# function/characteristic(switch)
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pytest.param(
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"mimikatz",
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"function=0x409411",
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capa.features.Characteristic("switch"),
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True,
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marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="characteristic(switch) not implemented yet"),
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),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x401000", capa.features.Characteristic("switch"), False),
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# function/characteristic(calls to)
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pytest.param(
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"mimikatz",
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"function=0x401000",
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capa.features.Characteristic("calls to"),
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True,
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marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="characteristic(calls to) not implemented yet"),
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),
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# bb/characteristic(tight loop)
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("mimikatz", "function=0x402EC4", capa.features.Characteristic("tight loop"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x401000", capa.features.Characteristic("tight loop"), False),
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# bb/characteristic(stack string)
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("mimikatz", "function=0x4556E5", capa.features.Characteristic("stack string"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x401000", capa.features.Characteristic("stack string"), False),
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# bb/characteristic(tight loop)
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("mimikatz", "function=0x402EC4,bb=0x402F8E", capa.features.Characteristic("tight loop"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x401000,bb=0x401000", capa.features.Characteristic("tight loop"), False),
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# insn/number
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("mimikatz", "function=0x40105D", capa.features.insn.Number(0xFF), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x40105D", capa.features.insn.Number(0x3136B0), True),
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# insn/number: stack adjustments
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("mimikatz", "function=0x40105D", capa.features.insn.Number(0xC), False),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x40105D", capa.features.insn.Number(0x10), False),
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# insn/number: arch flavors
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("mimikatz", "function=0x40105D", capa.features.insn.Number(0xFF), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x40105D", capa.features.insn.Number(0xFF, arch=ARCH_X32), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x40105D", capa.features.insn.Number(0xFF, arch=ARCH_X64), False),
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# insn/api
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("advapi32.CryptAcquireContextW"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("advapi32.CryptAcquireContext"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("advapi32.CryptGenKey"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("advapi32.CryptImportKey"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("advapi32.CryptDestroyKey"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("CryptAcquireContextW"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("CryptAcquireContext"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("CryptGenKey"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("CryptImportKey"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("CryptDestroyKey"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("Nope"), False),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x403BAC", capa.features.insn.API("advapi32.Nope"), False),
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# insn/api: thunk
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("mimikatz", "function=0x4556E5", capa.features.insn.API("advapi32.LsaQueryInformationPolicy"), True),
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("mimikatz", "function=0x4556E5", capa.features.insn.API("LsaQueryInformationPolicy"), True),
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# insn/api: x64
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(
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"kernel32-64",
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"function=0x180001010",
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capa.features.insn.API("api-ms-win-core-rtlsupport-l1-1-0.RtlVirtualUnwind"),
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True,
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),
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("kernel32-64", "function=0x180001010", capa.features.insn.API("RtlVirtualUnwind"), True),
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# insn/api: x64 thunk
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(
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"kernel32-64",
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"function=0x1800202B0",
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capa.features.insn.API("api-ms-win-core-rtlsupport-l1-1-0.RtlCaptureContext"),
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True,
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),
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("kernel32-64", "function=0x1800202B0", capa.features.insn.API("RtlCaptureContext"), True),
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],
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indirect=["sample", "scope"],
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)
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def test_lancelot_features(sample, scope, feature, expected):
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extractor = get_lancelot_extractor(sample)
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features = scope(extractor)
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assert (feature in features) == expected
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"""
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def test_api_features_64_bit(sample_a198216798ca38f280dc413f8c57f2c2):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_a198216798ca38f280dc413f8c57f2c2.ws, 0x4011B0))
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assert capa.features.insn.API("kernel32.GetStringTypeA") in features
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assert capa.features.insn.API("kernel32.GetStringTypeW") not in features
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assert capa.features.insn.API("kernel32.GetStringType") in features
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assert capa.features.insn.API("GetStringTypeA") in features
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assert capa.features.insn.API("GetStringType") in features
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# call via thunk in IDA Pro
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_a198216798ca38f280dc413f8c57f2c2.ws, 0x401CB0))
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assert capa.features.insn.API("msvcrt.vfprintf") in features
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assert capa.features.insn.API("vfprintf") in features
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def test_string_features(mimikatz):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x40105D))
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assert capa.features.String("SCardControl") in features
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assert capa.features.String("SCardTransmit") in features
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assert capa.features.String("ACR > ") in features
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# other strings not in this function
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assert capa.features.String("bcrypt.dll") not in features
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def test_string_pointer_features(mimikatz):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x44EDEF))
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assert capa.features.String("INPUTEVENT") in features
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def test_byte_features(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a.ws, 0x406F60))
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wanted = capa.features.Bytes(b"\xED\x24\x9E\xF4\x52\xA9\x07\x47\x55\x8E\xE1\xAB\x30\x8E\x23\x61")
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# use `==` rather than `is` because the result is not `True` but a truthy value.
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assert wanted.evaluate(features) == True
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def test_byte_features64(sample_lab21_01):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_lab21_01.ws, 0x1400010C0))
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wanted = capa.features.Bytes(b"\x32\xA2\xDF\x2D\x99\x2B\x00\x00")
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# use `==` rather than `is` because the result is not `True` but a truthy value.
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assert wanted.evaluate(features) == True
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def test_bytes_pointer_features(mimikatz):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x44EDEF))
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assert capa.features.Bytes("INPUTEVENT".encode("utf-16le")).evaluate(features) == True
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def test_offset_features(mimikatz):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x40105D))
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(0x0) in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(0x4) in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(0xC) in features
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# the following are stack references
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(0x8) not in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(0x10) not in features
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# this function has the following negative offsets
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# movzx ecx, byte ptr [eax-1]
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# movzx eax, byte ptr [eax-2]
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x4011FB))
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(-0x1) in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(-0x2) in features
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def test_offset_arch_features(mimikatz):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x40105D))
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(0x0) in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(0x0, arch=ARCH_X32) in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Offset(0x0, arch=ARCH_X64) not in features
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def test_nzxor_features(mimikatz):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x410DFC))
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assert capa.features.Characteristic("nzxor") in features # 0x0410F0B
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def get_bb_insn(f, va):
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# fetch the BasicBlock and Instruction instances for the given VA in the given function.
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for bb in f.basic_blocks:
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for insn in bb.instructions:
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if insn.va == va:
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return (bb, insn)
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raise KeyError(va)
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def test_is_security_cookie(mimikatz):
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# not a security cookie check
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f = lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x410DFC)
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for va in [0x0410F0B]:
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bb, insn = get_bb_insn(f, va)
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assert capa.features.extractors.lancelot.insn.is_security_cookie(f, bb, insn) == False
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# security cookie initial set and final check
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f = lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x46C54A)
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for va in [0x46C557, 0x46C63A]:
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bb, insn = get_bb_insn(f, va)
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assert capa.features.extractors.lancelot.insn.is_security_cookie(f, bb, insn) == True
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def test_mnemonic_features(mimikatz):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x40105D))
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assert capa.features.insn.Mnemonic("push") in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Mnemonic("movzx") in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Mnemonic("xor") in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Mnemonic("in") not in features
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assert capa.features.insn.Mnemonic("out") not in features
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def test_peb_access_features(sample_a933a1a402775cfa94b6bee0963f4b46):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_a933a1a402775cfa94b6bee0963f4b46.ws, 0xABA6FEC))
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assert capa.features.Characteristic("peb access") in features
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def test_tight_loop_features(mimikatz):
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f = lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x402EC4)
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for bb in f.basic_blocks:
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if bb.va != 0x402F8E:
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continue
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features = extract_basic_block_features(f, bb)
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assert capa.features.Characteristic("tight loop") in features
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assert capa.features.basicblock.BasicBlock() in features
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def test_tight_loop_bb_features(mimikatz):
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f = lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x402EC4)
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for bb in f.basic_blocks:
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if bb.va != 0x402F8E:
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continue
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features = extract_basic_block_features(f, bb)
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assert capa.features.Characteristic("tight loop") in features
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assert capa.features.basicblock.BasicBlock() in features
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def test_cross_section_flow_features(sample_a198216798ca38f280dc413f8c57f2c2):
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features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_a198216798ca38f280dc413f8c57f2c2.ws, 0x4014D0))
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assert capa.features.Characteristic("cross section flow") in features
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# this function has calls to some imports,
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# which should not trigger cross-section flow characteristic
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_a198216798ca38f280dc413f8c57f2c2.ws, 0x401563))
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("cross section flow") not in features
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_segment_access_features(sample_a933a1a402775cfa94b6bee0963f4b46):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_a933a1a402775cfa94b6bee0963f4b46.ws, 0xABA6FEC))
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("fs access") in features
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_thunk_features(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a.ws, 0x407970))
|
|
assert capa.features.insn.API("kernel32.CreateToolhelp32Snapshot") in features
|
|
assert capa.features.insn.API("CreateToolhelp32Snapshot") in features
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_switch_features(mimikatz):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x409411))
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("switch") in features
|
|
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(mimikatz.ws, 0x409393))
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("switch") not in features
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_recursive_call_feature(sample_39c05b15e9834ac93f206bc114d0a00c357c888db567ba8f5345da0529cbed41):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(
|
|
lancelot_utils.Function(sample_39c05b15e9834ac93f206bc114d0a00c357c888db567ba8f5345da0529cbed41.ws, 0x10003100)
|
|
)
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("recursive call") in features
|
|
|
|
features = extract_function_features(
|
|
lancelot_utils.Function(sample_39c05b15e9834ac93f206bc114d0a00c357c888db567ba8f5345da0529cbed41.ws, 0x10007B00)
|
|
)
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("recursive call") not in features
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_loop_feature(sample_39c05b15e9834ac93f206bc114d0a00c357c888db567ba8f5345da0529cbed41):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(
|
|
lancelot_utils.Function(sample_39c05b15e9834ac93f206bc114d0a00c357c888db567ba8f5345da0529cbed41.ws, 0x10003D30)
|
|
)
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("loop") in features
|
|
|
|
features = extract_function_features(
|
|
lancelot_utils.Function(sample_39c05b15e9834ac93f206bc114d0a00c357c888db567ba8f5345da0529cbed41.ws, 0x10007250)
|
|
)
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("loop") not in features
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_file_string_features(sample_bfb9b5391a13d0afd787e87ab90f14f5):
|
|
features = extract_file_features(
|
|
sample_bfb9b5391a13d0afd787e87ab90f14f5.ws, sample_bfb9b5391a13d0afd787e87ab90f14f5.path,
|
|
)
|
|
assert capa.features.String("WarStop") in features # ASCII, offset 0x40EC
|
|
assert capa.features.String("cimage/png") in features # UTF-16 LE, offset 0x350E
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_function_calls_to(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a.ws, 0x406F60))
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("calls to") in features
|
|
assert len(features[capa.features.Characteristic("calls to")]) == 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_function_calls_to64(sample_lab21_01):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_lab21_01.ws, 0x1400052D0)) # memcpy
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("calls to") in features
|
|
assert len(features[capa.features.Characteristic("calls to")]) == 8
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_function_calls_from(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a.ws, 0x406F60))
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("calls from") in features
|
|
assert len(features[capa.features.Characteristic("calls from")]) == 23
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_basic_block_count(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_9324d1a8ae37a36ae560c37448c9705a.ws, 0x406F60))
|
|
assert len(features[capa.features.basicblock.BasicBlock()]) == 26
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_indirect_call_features(sample_a933a1a402775cfa94b6bee0963f4b46):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_a933a1a402775cfa94b6bee0963f4b46.ws, 0xABA68A0))
|
|
assert capa.features.Characteristic("indirect call") in features
|
|
assert len(features[capa.features.Characteristic("indirect call")]) == 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
def test_indirect_calls_resolved(sample_c91887d861d9bd4a5872249b641bc9f9):
|
|
features = extract_function_features(lancelot_utils.Function(sample_c91887d861d9bd4a5872249b641bc9f9.ws, 0x401A77))
|
|
assert capa.features.insn.API("kernel32.CreatePipe") in features
|
|
assert capa.features.insn.API("kernel32.SetHandleInformation") in features
|
|
assert capa.features.insn.API("kernel32.CloseHandle") in features
|
|
assert capa.features.insn.API("kernel32.WriteFile") in features
|
|
"""
|