# Az - Enumerasie gereedskap

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## Installeer PowerShell op Linux

> [!TIP]
> Op Linux moet jy PowerShell Core installeer:
```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y wget apt-transport-https software-properties-common

# Ubuntu 20.04
wget -q https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb

# Update repos
sudo apt-get update
sudo add-apt-repository universe

# Install & start powershell
sudo apt-get install -y powershell
pwsh

# Az cli
curl -sL https://aka.ms/InstallAzureCLIDeb | sudo bash
```
## Installeer PowerShell op MacOS

Instruksies vanaf die [**dokumentasie**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-macos?view=powershell-7.4):

1. Installeer `brew` as dit nog nie geïnstalleer is nie:
```bash
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
```
2. Installeer die nuutste stabiele weergawe van PowerShell:
```sh
brew install powershell/tap/powershell
```
3. Voer PowerShell uit:
```sh
pwsh
```
4. Opdatering:
```sh
brew update
brew upgrade powershell
```
## Belangrikste enumerasie-gereedskap

### az cli

[**Azure Command-Line Interface (CLI)**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli) is 'n platformonafhanklike hulpmiddel geskryf in Python vir die bestuur en administrasie van (meestal) Azure en Entra ID hulpbronne. Dit skakel aan by Azure en voer administratiewe opdragte uit via die opdraglyn of skripte.

Volg hierdie skakel vir die [**installation instructions¡**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli#install).

Opdragte in Azure CLI is gestruktureer volgens die patroon: `az <service> <action> <parameters>`

#### Foutsporing | MitM az cli

Deur die parameter **`--debug`** te gebruik, is dit moontlik om al die versoeke te sien wat die hulpmiddel **`az`** stuur:
```bash
az account management-group list --output table --debug
```
Om 'n **MitM** op die tool uit te voer en **al die versoeke** wat dit stuur handmatig te kontroleer, kan jy die volgende doen:

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Bash" }}
```bash
export ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
export AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
export HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"

# If this is not enough
# Download the certificate from Burp and convert it into .pem format
# And export the following env variable
openssl x509 -in ~/Downloads/cacert.der -inform DER -out ~/Downloads/cacert.pem -outform PEM
export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=/Users/user/Downloads/cacert.pem
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="CMD" }}
```bash
set ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
set AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
set HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
set HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"

# If this is not enough
# Download the certificate from Burp and convert it into .pem format
# And export the following env variable
openssl x509 -in cacert.der -inform DER -out cacert.pem -outform PEM
set REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=C:\Users\user\Downloads\cacert.pem
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="PS" }}
```bash
$env:ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
$env:AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
$env:HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
$env:HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

<details>
<summary><strong>Regstelling van “CA cert does not include key usage extension”</strong></summary>

### Waarom die fout gebeur

Wanneer Azure CLI autentiseer, maak dit HTTPS-versoeke (via MSAL → Requests → OpenSSL). As jy TLS met Burp onderskep, genereer Burp “on the fly” sertifikate vir webwerwe soos `login.microsoftonline.com` en teken dit met Burp se CA.

Op nuwer stacks (Python 3.13 + OpenSSL 3) is CA-validasie strenger:

- A CA certificate must include **Basic Constraints: `CA:TRUE`** and a **Key Usage** extension permitting certificate signing (**`keyCertSign`**, and typically **`cRLSign`**).

Burp’s default CA (PortSwigger CA) is old and typically lacks the Key Usage extension, so OpenSSL rejects it even if you “trust it”.

Dit lewer foute soos:

- `CA cert does not include key usage extension`
- `CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED`
- `self-signed certificate in certificate chain`

Dus moet jy:

1. Create a modern CA (with proper Key Usage).
2. Make Burp use it to sign intercepted certs.
3. Trust that CA in macOS.
4. Point Azure CLI / Requests to that CA bundle.

### Stap-vir-stap: werkende konfigurasie

#### 0) Vereistes

- Burp plaaslik aan die gang (proxy by `127.0.0.1:8080`)
- Azure CLI geïnstalleer (Homebrew)
- Jy kan `sudo` gebruik (om die CA in die stelsel-keychain te vertrou)

#### 1) Skep 'n standaarde-kompatibele Burp CA (PEM + KEY)

Skep 'n OpenSSL-konfigurasielêer wat uitdruklik CA-uitbreidings instel:
```bash
mkdir -p ~/burp-ca && cd ~/burp-ca

cat > burp-ca.cnf <<'EOF'
[ req ]
default_bits       = 2048
prompt             = no
default_md         = sha256
distinguished_name = dn
x509_extensions    = v3_ca

[ dn ]
C  = US
O  = Burp Custom CA
CN = Burp Custom Root CA

[ v3_ca ]
basicConstraints = critical,CA:TRUE
keyUsage = critical,keyCertSign,cRLSign
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
EOF
```
Genereer die CA-sertifikaat + privaat sleutel:
```bash
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes \
-days 3650 \
-keyout burp-ca.key \
-out burp-ca.pem \
-config burp-ca.cnf
```
Basiese kontrole (jy MOET Key Usage sien):
```bash
openssl x509 -in burp-ca.pem -noout -text | egrep -A3 "Basic Constraints|Key Usage"
```
Verwag om iets soos die volgende in te sluit:

- `CA:TRUE`
- `Key Usage: ... Certificate Sign, CRL Sign`

#### 2) Skakel om na PKCS#12 (Burp import-formaat)

Burp benodig sertifikaat + private sleutel, die maklikste as PKCS#12:
```bash
openssl pkcs12 -export \
-out burp-ca.p12 \
-inkey burp-ca.key \
-in burp-ca.pem \
-name "Burp Custom Root CA"
```
Jy sal gevra word vir 'n eksport-wagwoord (stel een; Burp sal daarna vra).

#### 3) Importeer die CA in Burp en herbegin Burp

In Burp:

- Proxy → Options
- Find Import / export CA certificate
- Click Import CA certificate
- Choose PKCS#12
- Select `burp-ca.p12`
- Enter the password
- Restart Burp completely (important)

Hoekom herbegin? Burp kan die ou CA steeds gebruik totdat dit herbegin is.

#### 4) Vertrou die nuwe CA in die macOS system keychain

Dit laat stelselprogramme en baie TLS-stakke toe om die CA te vertrou.
```bash
sudo security add-trusted-cert \
-d -r trustRoot \
-k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain \
~/burp-ca/burp-ca.pem
```
(As jy die GUI verkies: Keychain Access → System → Certificates → import → stel “Always Trust”.)

#### 5) Konfigureer proxy env vars
```bash
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
export HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
```
#### 6) Konfigureer Requests/Azure CLI om jou Burp CA te vertrou

Azure CLI gebruik Python Requests intern; stel albei hiervan in:
```bash
export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE="$HOME/burp-ca/burp-ca.pem"
export SSL_CERT_FILE="$HOME/burp-ca/burp-ca.pem"
```
Aantekeninge:

- `REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE` word deur Requests gebruik.
- `SSL_CERT_FILE` help vir ander TLS-kliënte en uitsonderingsgevalle.
- Jy het gewoonlik nie die ou `ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY` / `AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION` nodig sodra die CA korrek is.

#### 7) Verifieer dat Burp werklik met jou nuwe CA onderteken (kritieke kontrole)

Dit bevestig dat jou onderskeppingsketting korrek is:
```bash
openssl s_client -connect login.microsoftonline.com:443 \
-proxy 127.0.0.1:8080 </dev/null 2>/dev/null \
| openssl x509 -noout -issuer
```
Die verwagte issuer bevat jou CA-naam, bv.:

`O=Burp Custom CA, CN=Burp Custom Root CA`

As jy steeds PortSwigger CA sien, gebruik Burp nie jou geïmporteerde CA nie → hersien die import en herbegin.

#### 8) Verifieer dat Python Requests deur Burp werk
```bash
python3 - <<'EOF'
import requests
requests.get("https://login.microsoftonline.com")
print("OK")
EOF
```
Verwag: `OK`

#### 9) Azure CLI toets
```bash
az account get-access-token --resource=https://management.azure.com/
```
As jy reeds ingelog is, behoort dit JSON terug te gee met 'n `accessToken`.

</details>

### Az PowerShell

Azure PowerShell is 'n module met cmdlets om Azure resources direk vanaf die PowerShell-opdragreël te bestuur.

Follow this link for the [**installation instructions**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/azure/install-azure-powershell).

Opdragte in die Azure PowerShell AZ Module is gestruktureer soos: `<Action>-Az<Service> <parameters>`

#### Debug | MitM Az PowerShell

Deur die parameter **`-Debug`** te gebruik, is dit moontlik om al die versoeke te sien wat die tool stuur:
```bash
Get-AzResourceGroup -Debug
```
Om 'n **MitM** op die tool te doen en **check all the requests** wat dit handmatig stuur, kan jy die omgewingsveranderlikes `HTTPS_PROXY` en `HTTP_PROXY` stel volgens die [**docs**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/azure/az-powershell-proxy).

### Microsoft Graph PowerShell

Microsoft Graph PowerShell is 'n cross-platform SDK wat toegang tot alle Microsoft Graph APIs moontlik maak, insluitend dienste soos SharePoint, Exchange en Outlook, deur 'n enkele endpoint. Dit ondersteun PowerShell 7+, moderne verifikasie via MSAL, eksterne identiteite en gevorderde navrae. Met 'n fokus op die beginsel van minste voorreg verseker dit veilige bedrywighede en ontvang gereelde opdaterings om met die nuutste Microsoft Graph API-funksies in lyn te bly.

Volg hierdie skakel vir die [**installasie-instruksies**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/microsoftgraph/installation).

Opdragte in Microsoft Graph PowerShell is gestruktureer soos: `<Action>-Mg<Service> <parameters>`

#### Ontfout Microsoft Graph PowerShell

Deur die parameter **`-Debug`** te gebruik is dit moontlik om al die requests te sien wat die tool stuur:
```bash
Get-MgUser -Debug
```
### ~~**AzureAD Powershell**~~

Die Azure Active Directory (AD) module, nou **verouderd**, is deel van Azure PowerShell vir die bestuur van Azure AD-bronne. Dit bied cmdlets vir take soos die bestuur van gebruikers, groepe, en aansoekregistrasies in Entra ID.

> [!TIP]
> Dit is vervang deur Microsoft Graph PowerShell

Volg hierdie skakel vir die [**installation instructions**](https://www.powershellgallery.com/packages/AzureAD).


## Outomatiese Recon & Compliance Tools

### [turbot azure plugins](https://github.com/orgs/turbot/repositories?q=mod-azure)

Turbot met steampipe en powerpipe maak dit moontlik om inligting vanaf Azure en Entra ID in te samel en compliance kontroles uit te voer en misconfigurasies te vind. Die tans mees aanbevole Azure-modules om te gebruik is:

- [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-compliance](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-compliance)
- [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-insights](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-insights)
- [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azuread-insights](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azuread-insights)
```bash
# Install
brew install turbot/tap/powerpipe
brew install turbot/tap/steampipe
steampipe plugin install azure
steampipe plugin install azuread

# Config creds via env vars or az cli default creds will be used
export AZURE_ENVIRONMENT="AZUREPUBLICCLOUD"
export AZURE_TENANT_ID="<tenant-id>"
export AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID="<subscription-id>"
export AZURE_CLIENT_ID="<client-id>"
export AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET="<secret>"

# Run steampipe-mod-azure-insights
cd /tmp
mkdir dashboards
cd dashboards
powerpipe mod init
powerpipe mod install github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-insights
steampipe service start
powerpipe server
# Go to http://localhost:9033 in a browser
```
### [Prowler](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler)

Prowler is 'n Open Source security tool om AWS, Azure, Google Cloud en Kubernetes se beste praktyke vir sekuriteit te assesseer, ouditte uit te voer, incident response te hanteer, continuous monitoring te verskaf, hardening toe te pas en forensics readiness te ondersteun.

Dit maak dit basies moontlik om honderde kontroles teen 'n Azure-omgewing uit te voer om sekuriteits-misconfigurasies te vind en die resultate in json (en ander teksformate) te versamel of dit op die web te bekyk.
```bash
# Create a application with Reader role and set the tenant ID, client ID and secret in prowler so it access the app

# Launch web with docker-compose
export DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM=linux/amd64
curl -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/refs/heads/master/docker-compose.yml
curl -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/refs/heads/master/.env
## If using an old docker-compose version, change the "env_file" params to: env_file: ".env"
docker compose up -d
# Access the web and configure the access to run a scan from it

# Prowler cli
python3 -m pip install prowler --break-system-packages
docker run --rm toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --list-checks
docker run --rm toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --list-services
docker run --rm toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --list-compliance
docker run --rm -e "AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id>" -e "AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id>" -e "AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=<secret>" toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --sp-env-auth
## It also support other authentication types, check: prowler azure --help
```
### [Monkey365](https://github.com/silverhack/monkey365)

Dit laat toe om Azure-subskripsies en Microsoft Entra ID-sekuriteitskonfigurasie-oorsigte outomaties uit te voer.

Die HTML-verslae word gestoor binne die `./monkey-reports` gids binne die github repository folder.
```bash
git clone https://github.com/silverhack/monkey365
Get-ChildItem -Recurse monkey365 | Unblock-File
cd monkey365
Import-Module ./monkey365
mkdir /tmp/monkey365-scan
cd /tmp/monkey365-scan

Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365
Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365 -Detailed

# Scan with user creds (browser will be run)
Invoke-Monkey365 -TenantId <tenant-id> -Instance Azure -Collect All -ExportTo HTML

# Scan with App creds
$SecureClientSecret = ConvertTo-SecureString "<secret>" -AsPlainText -Force
Invoke-Monkey365 -TenantId <tenant-id> -ClientId <client-id> -ClientSecret $SecureClientSecret -Instance Azure -Collect All -ExportTo HTML
```
### [ScoutSuite](https://github.com/nccgroup/ScoutSuite)

Scout Suite versamel konfigurasiedata vir handmatige inspeksie en beklemtoon risikogebiede. Dit is 'n multi-cloud security-auditing tool wat sekuriteitsposisie-assessering van cloud-omgewings moontlik maak.
```bash
virtualenv -p python3 venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install scoutsuite
scout --help

# Use --cli flag to use az cli credentials
# Use --user-account to have scout prompt for user credentials
# Use --user-account-browser to launch a browser to login
# Use --service-principal to have scout prompt for app credentials

python scout.py azure --cli
```
### [Azure-MG-Sub-Governance-Reporting](https://github.com/JulianHayward/Azure-MG-Sub-Governance-Reporting)

Dit is 'n powershell-skrip wat jou help om **al die hulpbronne en toestemmings binne 'n Management Group en die Entra ID** tenant te visualiseer en sekuriteitsmiskonfigurasies te vind.

Dit werk met die Az PowerShell module, dus word enige verifikasie wat deur hierdie tool ondersteun word ook deur die tool ondersteun.
```bash
import-module Az
.\AzGovVizParallel.ps1 -ManagementGroupId <management-group-id> [-SubscriptionIdWhitelist <subscription-id>]
```
## Outomatiese Post-Exploitation gereedskap

### [**ROADRecon**](https://github.com/dirkjanm/ROADtools)

Die enumerasie deur ROADRecon bied inligting oor die konfigurasie van Entra ID, soos gebruikers, groepe, rolle, conditional access policies...
```bash
cd ROADTools
pipenv shell
# Login with user creds
roadrecon auth -u test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -p "Welcome2022!"
# Login with app creds
roadrecon auth --as-app --client "<client-id>" --password "<secret>" --tenant "<tenant-id>"
roadrecon gather
roadrecon gui
```
### [**AzureHound**](https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/AzureHound)

AzureHound is die BloodHound-versamelaar vir Microsoft Entra ID en Azure. Dit is 'n enkele statiese Go-binarie vir Windows/Linux/macOS wat direk met die volgende kommunikeer:
- Microsoft Graph (Entra ID directory, M365) en
- Azure Resource Manager (ARM) control plane (subscriptions, resource groups, compute, storage, key vault, app services, AKS, etc.)

Belangrike kenmerke
- Werk vanaf enige plek op die openbare internet teen tenant-APIs (geen toegang tot interne netwerk benodig nie)
- Gee JSON uit vir BloodHound CE-inname om aanvalspaaie oor identiteite en cloudhulpbronne te visualiseer
- Standaard User-Agent waargeneem: azurehound/v2.x.x

Verifikasie-opsies
- Gebruikersnaam + wagwoord: -u <upn> -p <password>
- Refresh token: --refresh-token <rt>
- JSON Web Token (access token): --jwt <jwt>
- Service principal secret: -a <appId> -s <secret>
- Service principal certificate: -a <appId> --cert <cert.pem> --key <key.pem> [--keypass <pass>]

Voorbeelde
```bash
# Full tenant collection to file using different auth flows
## User creds
azurehound list -u "<user>@<tenant>" -p "<pass>" -t "<tenant-id|domain>" -o ./output.json

## Use an access token (JWT) from az cli for Graph
JWT=$(az account get-access-token --resource https://graph.microsoft.com -o tsv --query accessToken)
azurehound list --jwt "$JWT" -t "<tenant-id>" -o ./output.json

## Use a refresh token (e.g., from device code flow)
azurehound list --refresh-token "<refresh_token>" -t "<tenant-id>" -o ./output.json

## Service principal secret
azurehound list -a "<client-id>" -s "<secret>" -t "<tenant-id>" -o ./output.json

## Service principal certificate
azurehound list -a "<client-id>" --cert "/path/cert.pem" --key "/path/key.pem" -t "<tenant-id>" -o ./output.json

# Targeted discovery
azurehound list users -t "<tenant-id>" -o users.json
azurehound list groups -t "<tenant-id>" -o groups.json
azurehound list roles -t "<tenant-id>" -o roles.json
azurehound list role-assignments -t "<tenant-id>" -o role-assignments.json

# Azure resources via ARM
azurehound list subscriptions -t "<tenant-id>" -o subs.json
azurehound list resource-groups -t "<tenant-id>" -o rgs.json
azurehound list virtual-machines -t "<tenant-id>" -o vms.json
azurehound list key-vaults -t "<tenant-id>" -o kv.json
azurehound list storage-accounts -t "<tenant-id>" -o sa.json
azurehound list storage-containers -t "<tenant-id>" -o containers.json
azurehound list web-apps -t "<tenant-id>" -o webapps.json
azurehound list function-apps -t "<tenant-id>" -o funcapps.json
```
Wat word opgevra
- Graph endpunte (voorbeelde):
- /v1.0/organization, /v1.0/users, /v1.0/groups, /v1.0/roleManagement/directory/roleDefinitions, directoryRoles, owners/members
- ARM endpunte (voorbeelde):
- management.azure.com/subscriptions/.../providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts
- .../Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults, .../Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines, .../Microsoft.Web/sites, .../Microsoft.ContainerService/managedClusters

Preflight-gedrag en endpunte
- Elke azurehound list <object> voer gewoonlik hierdie toetsoproepe uit voor enumeration:
1) Identiteitsplatform: login.microsoftonline.com
2) Graph: GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/organization
3) ARM: GET https://management.azure.com/subscriptions?api-version=...
- Cloud environment base URLs verskil vir Government/China/Germany. Sien constants/environments.go in die repo.

ARM-oorwegend voorwerpe (minder sigbaar in Activity/Resource logs)
- Die volgende teikens gebruik hoofsaaklik ARM control plane reads: automation-accounts, container-registries, function-apps, key-vaults, logic-apps, managed-clusters, management-groups, resource-groups, storage-accounts, storage-containers, virtual-machines, vm-scale-sets, web-apps.
- Hierdie GET/list operasies word gewoonlik nie in Activity Logs geskryf nie; data-plane reads (bv. *.blob.core.windows.net, *.vault.azure.net) word op hulpbronvlak deur Diagnostic Settings gedek.

OPSEC en logboeknotas
- Microsoft Graph Activity Logs is nie standaard geaktiveer nie; aktiveer en voer uit na 'n SIEM om sigbaarheid van Graph-oproepe te kry. Verwag die Graph preflight GET /v1.0/organization met UA azurehound/v2.x.x.
- Entra ID non-interactive sign-in logs registreer die identiteitsplatform-auth (login.microsoftonline.com) wat deur AzureHound gebruik is.
- ARM control-plane read/list operations word nie in Activity Logs aangeteken nie; baie azurehound list operasies teen hulpbronne sal daar nie verskyn nie. Slegs data-plane logging (via Diagnostic Settings) sal reads na service endpoints vang.
- Defender XDR GraphApiAuditEvents (preview) kan Graph-oproepe en token-identifiers openbaar, maar mag UserAgent ontbreek en het beperkte bewaring.

Wenk: Wanneer jy vir privilege paths enumereer, dump gebruikers, groepe, rolle en rol-toewysings, laai dit dan in BloodHound en gebruik voorafgeboude cypher queries om Global Administrator/Privileged Role Administrator en transitive escalation via nested groups en RBAC assignments te identifiseer.

Start die BloodHound web met `curl -L https://ghst.ly/getbhce | docker compose -f - up` en importeer die `output.json` lêer. Dan, in die EXPLORE tab, in die CYPHER section kan jy 'n gids-ikoon sien wat voorafgeboude queries bevat.

### [**MicroBurst**](https://github.com/NetSPI/MicroBurst)

MicroBurst bevat funksies en skripte wat Azure Services discovery, weak configuration auditing, en post exploitation aksies soos credential dumping ondersteun. Dit is bedoel om gebruik te word tydens penetration tests waar Azure in gebruik is.
```bash
Import-Module .\MicroBurst.psm1
Import-Module .\Get-AzureDomainInfo.ps1
Get-AzureDomainInfo -folder MicroBurst -Verbose
```
### [**PowerZure**](https://github.com/hausec/PowerZure)

PowerZure is geskep uit die behoefte aan 'n raamwerk wat beide reconnaissance en exploitation van Azure, EntraID en die geassosieerde hulpbronne kan uitvoer.

Dit gebruik die **Az PowerShell**-module, dus enige authentication wat deur hierdie hulpmiddel ondersteun word, word ook deur die hulpmiddel ondersteun.
```bash
# Login
Import-Module Az
Connect-AzAccount

# Clone and import PowerZure
git clone https://github.com/hausec/PowerZure
cd PowerZure
ipmo ./Powerzure.psd1
Invoke-Powerzure -h # Check all the options

# Info Gathering (read)
Get-AzureCurrentUser # Get current user
Get-AzureTarget # What can you access to
Get-AzureUser -All # Get all users
Get-AzureSQLDB -All # Get all SQL DBs
Get-AzureAppOwner # Owners of apps in Entra
Show-AzureStorageContent -All # List containers, shared and tables
Show-AzureKeyVaultContent -All # List all contents in key vaults


# Operational (write)
Set-AzureUserPassword -Password <password> -Username <username> # Change password
Set-AzureElevatedPrivileges # Get permissions from Global Administrator in EntraID to User Access Administrator in Azure RBAC.
New-AzureBackdoor -Username <username> -Password <password>
Invoke-AzureRunCommand -Command <command> -VMName <vmname>
[...]
```
### [**GraphRunner**](https://github.com/dafthack/GraphRunner/wiki/Invoke%E2%80%90GraphRunner)

GraphRunner is 'n post-exploitation gereedskapstel vir interaksie met die Microsoft Graph API. Dit verskaf verskeie gereedskap om reconnaissance, persistence, en pillaging van data uit 'n Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD) rekening uit te voer.
```bash
#A good place to start is to authenticate with the Get-GraphTokens module. This module will launch a device-code login, allowing you to authenticate the session from a browser session. Access and refresh tokens will be written to the global $tokens variable. To use them with other GraphRunner modules use the Tokens flag (Example. Invoke-DumpApps -Tokens $tokens)
Import-Module .\GraphRunner.ps1
Get-GraphTokens

#This module gathers information about the tenant including the primary contact info, directory sync settings, and user settings such as if users have the ability to create apps, create groups, or consent to apps.
Invoke-GraphRecon -Tokens $tokens -PermissionEnum

#A module to dump conditional access policies from a tenant.
Invoke-GraphRecon -Tokens $tokens -PermissionEnum

#A module to dump conditional access policies from a tenant.
Invoke-DumpCAPS -Tokens $tokens -ResolveGuids

#This module helps identify malicious app registrations. It will dump a list of Azure app registrations from the tenant including permission scopes and users that have consented to the apps. Additionally, it will list external apps that are not owned by the current tenant or by Microsoft's main app tenant. This is a good way to find third-party external apps that users may have consented to.
Invoke-DumpApps -Tokens $tokens

#Gather the full list of users from the directory.
Get-AzureADUsers -Tokens $tokens -OutFile users.txt

#Create a list of security groups along with their members.
Get-SecurityGroups -AccessToken $tokens.access_token

#Gets groups that may be able to be modified by the current user
Get-UpdatableGroups -Tokens $tokens

#Finds dynamic groups and displays membership rules
Get-DynamicGroups -Tokens $tokens

#Gets a list of SharePoint site URLs visible to the current user
Get-SharePointSiteURLs -Tokens $tokens

#This module attempts to locate mailboxes in a tenant that have allowed other users to read them. By providing a userlist the module will attempt to access the inbox of each user and display if it was successful. The access token needs to be scoped to Mail.Read.Shared or Mail.ReadWrite.Shared for this to work.
Invoke-GraphOpenInboxFinder -Tokens $tokens -Userlist users.txt

#This module attempts to gather a tenant ID associated with a domain.
Get-TenantID -Domain

#Runs Invoke-GraphRecon, Get-AzureADUsers, Get-SecurityGroups, Invoke-DumpCAPS, Invoke-DumpApps, and then uses the default_detectors.json file to search with Invoke-SearchMailbox, Invoke-SearchSharePointAndOneDrive, and Invoke-SearchTeams.
Invoke-GraphRunner -Tokens $tokens
```
### [Stormspotter](https://github.com/Azure/Stormspotter)

Stormspotter skep ’n “attack graph” van die hulpbronne in ’n Azure subscription. Dit stel red teams en pentesters in staat om die attack surface en pivot opportunities binne ’n tenant te visualiseer, en gee jou verdedigers ’n groot hupstoot om vinnig te oriënteer en incident response-werk te prioritiseer.

**Ongelukkig lyk dit of dit nie meer onderhou word nie**.
```bash
# Start Backend
cd stormspotter\backend\
pipenv shell
python ssbackend.pyz

# Start Front-end
cd stormspotter\frontend\dist\spa\
quasar.cmd serve -p 9091 --history

# Run Stormcollector
cd stormspotter\stormcollector\
pipenv shell
az login -u test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -p Welcome2022!
python stormspotter\stormcollector\sscollector.pyz cli
# This will generate a .zip file to upload in the frontend (127.0.0.1:9091)
```
## Verwysings
- [Wolkontdekking met AzureHound (Unit 42)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-actor-misuse-of-azurehound/)
- [AzureHound repository](https://github.com/SpecterOps/AzureHound)
- [BloodHound repository](https://github.com/SpecterOps/BloodHound)
- [AzureHound Community Edition-vlae](https://bloodhound.specterops.io/collect-data/ce-collection/azurehound-flags)
- [AzureHound constants/environments.go](https://github.com/SpecterOps/AzureHound/blob/main/constants/environments.go)
- [AzureHound client/storage_accounts.go](https://github.com/SpecterOps/AzureHound/blob/main/client/storage_accounts.go)
- [AzureHound client/roles.go](https://github.com/SpecterOps/AzureHound/blob/main/client/roles.go)

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