# Az - Enumeration Tools

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## Instalirajte PowerShell na Linuxu

> [!TIP]
> Na Linuxu ćete morati da instalirate PowerShell Core:
```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y wget apt-transport-https software-properties-common

# Ubuntu 20.04
wget -q https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb

# Update repos
sudo apt-get update
sudo add-apt-repository universe

# Install & start powershell
sudo apt-get install -y powershell
pwsh

# Az cli
curl -sL https://aka.ms/InstallAzureCLIDeb | sudo bash
```
## Instalirajte PowerShell na MacOS

Uputstva iz [**dokumentacije**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-macos?view=powershell-7.4):

1. Instalirajte `brew` ako još nije instaliran:
```bash
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
```
2. Instalirajte najnoviju stabilnu verziju PowerShell-a:
```sh
brew install powershell/tap/powershell
```
3. Pokrenite PowerShell:
```sh
pwsh
```
4. Ažuriranje:
```sh
brew update
brew upgrade powershell
```
## Glavni alati za enumeraciju

### az cli

[**Azure Command-Line Interface (CLI)**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli) je alat koji radi na više platformi, napisan u Python-u, za upravljanje i administraciju (većine) Azure i Entra ID resursa. Povezuje se sa Azure-om i izvršava administrativne komande putem komandne linije ili skripti.

Pratite ovaj link za [**uputstva za instalaciju¡**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli#install).

Komande u Azure CLI su strukturirane koristeći obrazac: `az <service> <action> <parameters>`

#### Debug | MitM az cli

Korišćenjem parametra **`--debug`** moguće je videti sve zahteve koje alat **`az`** šalje:
```bash
az account management-group list --output table --debug
```
Da biste izvršili **MitM** na alat i **proverili sve zahteve** koje šalje ručno, možete uraditi:

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Bash" }}
```bash
export ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
export AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
export HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"

# If this is not enough
# Download the certificate from Burp and convert it into .pem format
# And export the following env variable
openssl x509 -in ~/Downloads/cacert.der -inform DER -out ~/Downloads/cacert.pem -outform PEM
export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=/Users/user/Downloads/cacert.pem
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="CMD" }}
```bash
set ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
set AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
set HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
set HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"

# If this is not enough
# Download the certificate from Burp and convert it into .pem format
# And export the following env variable
openssl x509 -in cacert.der -inform DER -out cacert.pem -outform PEM
set REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=C:\Users\user\Downloads\cacert.pem
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="PS" }}
```bash
$env:ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
$env:AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
$env:HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
$env:HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

### Az PowerShell

Azure PowerShell je modul sa cmdlet-ima za upravljanje Azure resursima direktno iz PowerShell komandne linije.

Pratite ovaj link za [**uputstva za instalaciju**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/azure/install-azure-powershell).

Komande u Azure PowerShell AZ Modulu su strukturirane kao: `<Action>-Az<Service> <parameters>`

#### Debug | MitM Az PowerShell

Korišćenjem parametra **`-Debug`** moguće je videti sve zahteve koje alat šalje:
```bash
Get-AzResourceGroup -Debug
```
Da biste izvršili **MitM** na alat i **proverili sve zahteve** koje šalje ručno, možete postaviti promenljive okruženja `HTTPS_PROXY` i `HTTP_PROXY` prema [**dokumentaciji**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/azure/az-powershell-proxy).

### Microsoft Graph PowerShell

Microsoft Graph PowerShell je SDK koji podržava više platformi i omogućava pristup svim Microsoft Graph API-ima, uključujući usluge kao što su SharePoint, Exchange i Outlook, koristeći jedan krajnji tačku. Podržava PowerShell 7+, modernu autentifikaciju putem MSAL, spoljne identitete i napredne upite. Sa fokusom na pristup sa najmanjim privilegijama, osigurava sigurne operacije i redovno prima ažuriranja kako bi se uskladio sa najnovijim funkcijama Microsoft Graph API-ja.

Pratite ovaj link za [**uputstva za instalaciju**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/microsoftgraph/installation).

Komande u Microsoft Graph PowerShell su strukturirane kao: `<Action>-Mg<Service> <parameters>`

#### Debug Microsoft Graph PowerShell

Korišćenjem parametra **`-Debug`** moguće je videti sve zahteve koje alat šalje:
```bash
Get-MgUser -Debug
```
### ~~**AzureAD Powershell**~~

Modul Azure Active Directory (AD), sada **ukinut**, je deo Azure PowerShell za upravljanje Azure AD resursima. Pruža cmdlet-e za zadatke kao što su upravljanje korisnicima, grupama i registracijama aplikacija u Entra ID.

> [!TIP]
> Ovo je zamenjeno Microsoft Graph PowerShell

Pratite ovaj link za [**uputstva za instalaciju**](https://www.powershellgallery.com/packages/AzureAD).

## Automatizovani alati za rekognosciranje i usklađenost

### [turbot azure plugins](https://github.com/orgs/turbot/repositories?q=mod-azure)

Turbot sa steampipe i powerpipe omogućava prikupljanje informacija iz Azure i Entra ID i obavljanje provere usklađenosti i pronalaženje pogrešnih konfiguracija. Trenutno najpreporučivani Azure moduli za pokretanje su:

- [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-compliance](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-compliance)
- [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-insights](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-insights)
- [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azuread-insights](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azuread-insights)
```bash
# Install
brew install turbot/tap/powerpipe
brew install turbot/tap/steampipe
steampipe plugin install azure
steampipe plugin install azuread

# Config creds via env vars or az cli default creds will be used
export AZURE_ENVIRONMENT="AZUREPUBLICCLOUD"
export AZURE_TENANT_ID="<tenant-id>"
export AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID="<subscription-id>"
export AZURE_CLIENT_ID="<client-id>"
export AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET="<secret>"

# Run steampipe-mod-azure-insights
cd /tmp
mkdir dashboards
cd dashboards
powerpipe mod init
powerpipe mod install github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-insights
steampipe service start
powerpipe server
# Go to http://localhost:9033 in a browser
```
### [Prowler](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler)

Prowler je alat otvorenog koda za bezbednost koji omogućava procene najboljih praksi bezbednosti za AWS, Azure, Google Cloud i Kubernetes, revizije, odgovor na incidente, kontinuirano praćenje, učvršćivanje i spremnost za forenziku.

U suštini, omogućava nam da izvršimo stotine provera protiv Azure okruženja kako bismo pronašli bezbednosne pogrešne konfiguracije i prikupili rezultate u json (i drugim tekstualnim formatima) ili ih proverili na vebu.
```bash
# Create a application with Reader role and set the tenant ID, client ID and secret in prowler so it access the app

# Launch web with docker-compose
export DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM=linux/amd64
curl -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/refs/heads/master/docker-compose.yml
curl -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/refs/heads/master/.env
## If using an old docker-compose version, change the "env_file" params to: env_file: ".env"
docker compose up -d
# Access the web and configure the access to run a scan from it

# Prowler cli
python3 -m pip install prowler --break-system-packages
docker run --rm toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --list-checks
docker run --rm toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --list-services
docker run --rm toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --list-compliance
docker run --rm -e "AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id>" -e "AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id>" -e "AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=<secret>" toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --sp-env-auth
## It also support other authentication types, check: prowler azure --help
```
### [Monkey365](https://github.com/silverhack/monkey365)

Omogućava automatsko izvođenje pregleda bezbednosne konfiguracije Azure pretplata i Microsoft Entra ID.

HTML izveštaji se čuvaju unutar `./monkey-reports` direktorijuma unutar foldera github repozitorijuma.
```bash
git clone https://github.com/silverhack/monkey365
Get-ChildItem -Recurse monkey365 | Unblock-File
cd monkey365
Import-Module ./monkey365
mkdir /tmp/monkey365-scan
cd /tmp/monkey365-scan

Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365
Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365 -Detailed

# Scan with user creds (browser will be run)
Invoke-Monkey365 -TenantId <tenant-id> -Instance Azure -Collect All -ExportTo HTML

# Scan with App creds
$SecureClientSecret = ConvertTo-SecureString "<secret>" -AsPlainText -Force
Invoke-Monkey365 -TenantId <tenant-id> -ClientId <client-id> -ClientSecret $SecureClientSecret -Instance Azure -Collect All -ExportTo HTML
```
### [ScoutSuite](https://github.com/nccgroup/ScoutSuite)

Scout Suite prikuplja podatke o konfiguraciji za ručnu inspekciju i ističe rizična područja. To je alat za bezbednosnu reviziju više oblaka, koji omogućava procenu bezbednosnog stanja cloud okruženja.
```bash
virtualenv -p python3 venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install scoutsuite
scout --help

# Use --cli flag to use az cli credentials
# Use --user-account to have scout prompt for user credentials
# Use --user-account-browser to launch a browser to login
# Use --service-principal to have scout prompt for app credentials

python scout.py azure --cli
```
### [Azure-MG-Sub-Governance-Reporting](https://github.com/JulianHayward/Azure-MG-Sub-Governance-Reporting)

To je powershell skripta koja vam pomaže da **vizualizujete sve resurse i dozvole unutar Grupa za upravljanje i Entra ID** tenanta i pronađete bezbednosne greške u konfiguraciji.

Radi koristeći Az PowerShell modul, tako da je svaka autentifikacija koju podržava ovaj alat podržana od strane alata.
```bash
import-module Az
.\AzGovVizParallel.ps1 -ManagementGroupId <management-group-id> [-SubscriptionIdWhitelist <subscription-id>]
```
## Automated Post-Exploitation tools

### [**ROADRecon**](https://github.com/dirkjanm/ROADtools)

Enumeracija ROADRecon-a nudi informacije o konfiguraciji Entra ID, kao što su korisnici, grupe, uloge, politike uslovnog pristupa...
```bash
cd ROADTools
pipenv shell
# Login with user creds
roadrecon auth -u test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -p "Welcome2022!"
# Login with app creds
roadrecon auth --as-app --client "<client-id>" --password "<secret>" --tenant "<tenant-id>"
roadrecon gather
roadrecon gui
```
### [**AzureHound**](https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/AzureHound)
```bash
# Launch AzureHound
## Login with app secret
azurehound -a "<client-id>" -s "<secret>" --tenant "<tenant-id>" list -o ./output.json
## Login with user creds
azurehound -u "<user-email>" -p "<password>" --tenant "<tenant-id>" list -o ./output.json
```
Pokrenite **BloodHound** veb sa **`curl -L https://ghst.ly/getbhce | docker compose -f - up`** i uvezite `output.json` datoteku.

Zatim, u **EXPLORE** tabu, u **CYPHER** sekciji možete videti **folder** ikonu koja sadrži unapred pripremljene upite.

### [**MicroBurst**](https://github.com/NetSPI/MicroBurst)

MicroBurst uključuje funkcije i skripte koje podržavaju otkrivanje Azure usluga, reviziju slabih konfiguracija i akcije nakon eksploatacije kao što je dumping kredencijala. Namenjen je za korišćenje tokom testova penetracije gde se koristi Azure.
```bash
Import-Module .\MicroBurst.psm1
Import-Module .\Get-AzureDomainInfo.ps1
Get-AzureDomainInfo -folder MicroBurst -Verbose
```
### [**PowerZure**](https://github.com/hausec/PowerZure)

PowerZure je stvoren iz potrebe za okvirom koji može da izvrši i izviđanje i eksploataciju Azure, EntraID i povezanih resursa.

Koristi **Az PowerShell** modul, tako da je svaka autentifikacija koju podržava ovaj alat podržana od strane alata.
```bash
# Login
Import-Module Az
Connect-AzAccount

# Clone and import PowerZure
git clone https://github.com/hausec/PowerZure
cd PowerZure
ipmo ./Powerzure.psd1
Invoke-Powerzure -h # Check all the options

# Info Gathering (read)
Get-AzureCurrentUser # Get current user
Get-AzureTarget # What can you access to
Get-AzureUser -All # Get all users
Get-AzureSQLDB -All # Get all SQL DBs
Get-AzureAppOwner # Owners of apps in Entra
Show-AzureStorageContent -All # List containers, shared and tables
Show-AzureKeyVaultContent -All # List all contents in key vaults


# Operational (write)
Set-AzureUserPassword -Password <password> -Username <username> # Change password
Set-AzureElevatedPrivileges # Get permissions from Global Administrator in EntraID to User Access Administrator in Azure RBAC.
New-AzureBackdoor -Username <username> -Password <password>
Invoke-AzureRunCommand -Command <command> -VMName <vmname>
[...]
```
### [**GraphRunner**](https://github.com/dafthack/GraphRunner/wiki/Invoke%E2%80%90GraphRunner)

GraphRunner je alat za post-exploitation koji se koristi za interakciju sa Microsoft Graph API. Pruža razne alate za izvođenje izviđanja, postojanosti i pljačkanja podataka iz Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD) naloga.
```bash
#A good place to start is to authenticate with the Get-GraphTokens module. This module will launch a device-code login, allowing you to authenticate the session from a browser session. Access and refresh tokens will be written to the global $tokens variable. To use them with other GraphRunner modules use the Tokens flag (Example. Invoke-DumpApps -Tokens $tokens)
Import-Module .\GraphRunner.ps1
Get-GraphTokens

#This module gathers information about the tenant including the primary contact info, directory sync settings, and user settings such as if users have the ability to create apps, create groups, or consent to apps.
Invoke-GraphRecon -Tokens $tokens -PermissionEnum

#A module to dump conditional access policies from a tenant.
Invoke-GraphRecon -Tokens $tokens -PermissionEnum

#A module to dump conditional access policies from a tenant.
Invoke-DumpCAPS -Tokens $tokens -ResolveGuids

#This module helps identify malicious app registrations. It will dump a list of Azure app registrations from the tenant including permission scopes and users that have consented to the apps. Additionally, it will list external apps that are not owned by the current tenant or by Microsoft's main app tenant. This is a good way to find third-party external apps that users may have consented to.
Invoke-DumpApps -Tokens $tokens

#Gather the full list of users from the directory.
Get-AzureADUsers -Tokens $tokens -OutFile users.txt

#Create a list of security groups along with their members.
Get-SecurityGroups -AccessToken $tokens.access_token

#Gets groups that may be able to be modified by the current user
Get-UpdatableGroups -Tokens $tokens

#Finds dynamic groups and displays membership rules
Get-DynamicGroups -Tokens $tokens

#Gets a list of SharePoint site URLs visible to the current user
Get-SharePointSiteURLs -Tokens $tokens

#This module attempts to locate mailboxes in a tenant that have allowed other users to read them. By providing a userlist the module will attempt to access the inbox of each user and display if it was successful. The access token needs to be scoped to Mail.Read.Shared or Mail.ReadWrite.Shared for this to work.
Invoke-GraphOpenInboxFinder -Tokens $tokens -Userlist users.txt

#This module attempts to gather a tenant ID associated with a domain.
Get-TenantID -Domain

#Runs Invoke-GraphRecon, Get-AzureADUsers, Get-SecurityGroups, Invoke-DumpCAPS, Invoke-DumpApps, and then uses the default_detectors.json file to search with Invoke-SearchMailbox, Invoke-SearchSharePointAndOneDrive, and Invoke-SearchTeams.
Invoke-GraphRunner -Tokens $tokens
```
### [Stormspotter](https://github.com/Azure/Stormspotter)

Stormspotter pravi “graf napada” resursa u Azure pretplati. Omogućava red timovima i pentesterima da vizualizuju površinu napada i mogućnosti prebacivanja unutar zakupca, i pojačava vaše branioca da brzo orijentišu i prioritizuju rad na odgovoru na incidente.

**Nažalost, izgleda da nije održavan**.
```bash
# Start Backend
cd stormspotter\backend\
pipenv shell
python ssbackend.pyz

# Start Front-end
cd stormspotter\frontend\dist\spa\
quasar.cmd serve -p 9091 --history

# Run Stormcollector
cd stormspotter\stormcollector\
pipenv shell
az login -u test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -p Welcome2022!
python stormspotter\stormcollector\sscollector.pyz cli
# This will generate a .zip file to upload in the frontend (127.0.0.1:9091)
```
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