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# Az - PostgreSQL Databases
{% hint style="success" %}
Leer & oefen AWS Hacking:<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Leer & oefen GCP Hacking: <img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details>
<summary>Ondersteun HackTricks</summary>
* Kyk na die [**subskripsie planne**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Deel hacking truuks deur PRs in te dien na die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details>
{% endhint %}
## Azure PostgreSQL
**Azure Database for PostgreSQL** is 'n volledig bestuurde **relationele databasisdiens gebaseer op die PostgreSQL** Gemeenskapsuitgawe. Dit is ontwerp om skaalbaarheid, sekuriteit en buigsaamheid te bied vir diverse toepassingsbehoeftes. Soos Azure MySQL, bied PostgreSQL twee ontplooiingsmodelle:
* **Enkelbediener** (op die afskeidspad):
- Geoptimaliseer vir eenvoudige, kostedoeltreffende PostgreSQL ontplooiings.
- Beskik oor outomatiese rugsteun, basiese monitering en hoë beskikbaarheid.
- Ideaal vir toepassings met voorspelbare werklas.
* **Buigsame Bediener**:
- Bied groter beheer oor databasisbestuur en konfigurasie.
- Ondersteun hoë beskikbaarheid, beide in dieselfde sone en oor sones.
- Beskik oor elastiese skaalbaarheid, outomatiese onderhoud en kostebesparende funksionaliteit.
- Laat die begin en stop van die bediener toe om koste te optimaliseer.
### Sleutelkenmerke
* **Pasgemaakte Onderhoudsvensters**: Skeduleer opdaterings om onderbrekings te minimaliseer.
* **Aktiewe Monitering**: Toegang tot gedetailleerde metrieke en logs om databasisprestasie te volg en te verbeter.
* **Stop/Begin Bediener**: Gebruikers kan die bediener stop en begin.
* **Outomatiese Rugsteun**: Ingeboude daaglikse rugsteun met retensieperiodes wat tot 35 dae konfigureerbaar is.
* **Rolgebaseerde Toegang**: Beheer gebruikersregte en administratiewe toegang deur Azure Active Directory.
* **Sekuriteit en Netwerk**: kan bediener vuurmuurreëls bestuur vir veilige databasis toegang en virtuele netwerk konfigurasies soos nodig ontkoppel.
### Enumerasie
{% tabs %}
{% tab title="az cli" %}
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
# List servers in a resource group
az postgres flexible-server list --resource-group <resource-group-name>
# List databases in a flexible-server
az postgres flexible-server db list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
# Show specific details of a Postgre database
az postgres flexible-server db show --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name> --database-name <database_name>
# List firewall rules of the a server
az postgres flexible-server firewall-rule list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
# List parameter values for a felxible server
az postgres flexible-server parameter list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
# List private link
az postgres flexible-server private-link-resource list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
# List all ad-admin in a server
az postgres flexible-server ad-admin list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
# List all user assigned managed identities from the server
az postgres flexible-server identity list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
# List the server backups
az postgres flexible-server backup list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
# List all read replicas for a given server
az postgres flexible-server replica list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
# List migrations
az postgres flexible-server migration list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
# Get the server's advanced threat protection setting
az postgres flexible-server advanced-threat-protection-setting show --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
# List all of the maintenances of a flexible server
az postgres flexible-server maintenance list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
# List log files for a server.
az postgres flexible-server server-logs list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
```
{% endcode %}
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="Az PowerShell" %}
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```powershell
Get-Command -Module Az.PostgreSql
# List flexible-servers in a resource group
Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServer -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name>
# List databases in a flexible-server
Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerDatabase -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name> -ServerName <server_name>
# List firewall rules of the a flexible-server
Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerFirewallRule -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name> -ServerName <server_name>
# List configuration settings of a flexible server
Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name> -ServerName <server_name>
# Get the connection string for a flexible server
Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerConnectionString -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name> -ServerName <server_name> -Client <client>
Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerLocationBasedCapability -Location <location>
# List servers in a resource group
Get-AzPostgreSqlServer -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name>
```
{% endcode %}
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}
### Verbinding
Met die uitbreiding rdbms-connect kan jy toegang tot die databasis verkry met:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
az postgres flexible-server connect -n <server-name> -u <username> -p <password> --interactive
#or execute commands
az postgres flexible-server execute \
-n <server-name> \
-u <username> \
-p "<password>" \
-d <database-name> \
--querytext "SELECT * FROM <table-name>;"
```
{% endcode %}
Of
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
psql -h testpostgresserver1994.postgres.database.azure.com -p 5432 -U adminuser <database-name>
```
{% endcode %}
## Verwysings
* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/)
* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/service-overview](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/service-overview)
* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/overview](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/overview)
## Privilege Escalation
{% content-ref url="../az-privilege-escalation/az-postgresql-privesc.md" %}
[az-postgresql-privesc.md](../az-privilege-escalation/az-postgresql-privesc.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
## Post Exploitation
{% content-ref url="../az-post-exploitation/az-postgresql-post-exploitation.md" %}
[az-postgresql-post-exploitation.md](../az-post-exploitation/az-postgresql-post-exploitation.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
## ToDo
* Soek 'n manier om toegang te verkry met ad-admin om te verifieer dat dit 'n privesc metode is
{% hint style="success" %}
Leer & oefen AWS Hacking:<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Leer & oefen GCP Hacking: <img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details>
<summary>Ondersteun HackTricks</summary>
* Kyk na die [**subskripsie planne**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Deel hacking truuks deur PRs in te dien na die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details>
{% endhint %}