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pentesting-cloud/ibm-cloud-pentesting/README.md
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pentesting-cloud/ibm-cloud-pentesting/README.md
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# IBM Cloud Pentesting
|
||||
|
||||
## IBM Cloud Pentesting
|
||||
|
||||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
{% endhint %}
|
||||
|
||||
### What is IBM cloud? (By chatGPT)
|
||||
|
||||
IBM Cloud, a cloud computing platform by IBM, offers a variety of cloud services such as infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS). It enables clients to deploy and manage applications, handle data storage and analysis, and operate virtual machines in the cloud.
|
||||
|
||||
When compared with Amazon Web Services (AWS), IBM Cloud showcases certain distinct features and approaches:
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Focus**: IBM Cloud primarily caters to enterprise clients, providing a suite of services designed for their specific needs, including enhanced security and compliance measures. In contrast, AWS presents a broad spectrum of cloud services for a diverse clientele.
|
||||
2. **Hybrid Cloud Solutions**: Both IBM Cloud and AWS offer hybrid cloud services, allowing integration of on-premises infrastructure with their cloud services. However, the methodology and services provided by each differ.
|
||||
3. **Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI & ML)**: IBM Cloud is particularly noted for its extensive and integrated services in AI and ML. AWS also offers AI and ML services, but IBM's solutions are considered more comprehensive and deeply embedded within its cloud platform.
|
||||
4. **Industry-Specific Solutions**: IBM Cloud is recognized for its focus on particular industries like financial services, healthcare, and government, offering bespoke solutions. AWS caters to a wide array of industries but might not have the same depth in industry-specific solutions as IBM Cloud.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Basic Information
|
||||
|
||||
For some basic information about IAM and hierarchi check:
|
||||
|
||||
{% content-ref url="ibm-basic-information.md" %}
|
||||
[ibm-basic-information.md](ibm-basic-information.md)
|
||||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||||
|
||||
### SSRF
|
||||
|
||||
Learn how you can access the medata endpoint of IBM in the following page:
|
||||
|
||||
{% embed url="https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/ssrf-server-side-request-forgery/cloud-ssrf#2af0" %}
|
||||
|
||||
## References
|
||||
|
||||
* [https://redresscompliance.com/navigating-the-ibm-cloud-a-comprehensive-overview/#:\~:text=IBM%20Cloud%20is%3A,%2C%20networking%2C%20and%20database%20management.](https://redresscompliance.com/navigating-the-ibm-cloud-a-comprehensive-overview/)
|
||||
|
||||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
{% endhint %}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
||||
# IBM - Basic Information
|
||||
|
||||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
{% endhint %}
|
||||
|
||||
## Hierarchy
|
||||
|
||||
IBM Cloud resource model ([from the docs](https://www.ibm.com/blog/announcement/introducing-ibm-cloud-enterprises/)):
|
||||
|
||||
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (225).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
||||
Recommended way to divide projects:
|
||||
|
||||
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (239).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
||||
## IAM
|
||||
|
||||
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (266).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
||||
### Users
|
||||
|
||||
Users have an **email** assigned to them. They can access the **IBM console** and also **generate API keys** to use their permissions programatically.\
|
||||
**Permissions** can be granted **directly** to the user with an access policy or via an **access group**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Trusted Profiles
|
||||
|
||||
These are **like the Roles of AWS** or service accounts from GCP. It's possible to **assign them to VM** instances and access their **credentials via metadata**, or even **allow Identity Providers** to use them in order to authenticate users from external platforms.\
|
||||
**Permissions** can be granted **directly** to the trusted profile with an access policy or via an **access group**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Service IDs
|
||||
|
||||
This is another option to allow applications to **interact with IBM cloud** and perform actions. In this case, instead of assign it to a VM or Identity Provider an **API Key can be used** to interact with IBM in a **programatic** way.\
|
||||
**Permissions** can be granted **directly** to the service id with an access policy or via an **access group**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Identity Providers
|
||||
|
||||
External **Identity Providers** can be configured to **access IBM cloud** resources from external platforms by accessing **trusting Trusted Profiles**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Access Groups
|
||||
|
||||
In the same access group **several users, trusted profiles & service ids** can be present. Each principal in the access group will **inherit the access group permissions**.\
|
||||
**Permissions** can be granted **directly** to the trusted profile with an access policy.\
|
||||
An **access group cannot be a member** of another access group.
|
||||
|
||||
### Roles
|
||||
|
||||
A role is a **set of granular permissions**. **A role** is dedicated to **a service**, meaning that it will only contain permissions of that service.\
|
||||
**Each service** of IAM will already have some **possible roles** to choose from to **grant a principal access to that service**: **Viewer, Operator, Editor, Administrator** (although there could be more).
|
||||
|
||||
Role permissions are given via access policies to principals, so if you need to give for example a **combination of permissions** of a service of **Viewer** and **Administrator**, instead of giving those 2 (and overprivilege a principal), you can **create a new role** for the service and give that new role the **granular permissions you need**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Access Policies
|
||||
|
||||
Access policies allows to **attach 1 or more roles of 1 service to 1 principal**.\
|
||||
When creating the policy you need to choose:
|
||||
|
||||
* The **service** where permissions will be granted
|
||||
* **Affected resources**
|
||||
* Service & Platform **access** that will be granted
|
||||
* These indicate the **permissions** that will be given to the principal to perform actions. If any **custom role** is created in the service you will also be able to choose it here.
|
||||
* **Conditions** (if any) to grant the permissions
|
||||
|
||||
{% hint style="info" %}
|
||||
To grant access to several services to a user, you can generate several access policies
|
||||
{% endhint %}
|
||||
|
||||
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (248).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
||||
## References
|
||||
|
||||
* [https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/announcements/introducing-ibm-cloud-enterprises](https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/announcements/introducing-ibm-cloud-enterprises)
|
||||
* [https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-iamoverview](https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/account?topic=account-iamoverview)
|
||||
|
||||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
{% endhint %}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
|
||||
# IBM - Hyper Protect Crypto Services
|
||||
|
||||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
{% endhint %}
|
||||
|
||||
## Basic Information
|
||||
|
||||
IBM Hyper Protect Crypto Services is a cloud service that provides **highly secure and tamper-resistant cryptographic key management and encryption capabilities**. It is designed to help organizations protect their sensitive data and comply with security and privacy regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS.
|
||||
|
||||
Hyper Protect Crypto Services uses **FIPS 140-2 Level 4 certified hardware security modules** (HSMs) to store and protect cryptographic keys. These HSMs are designed to r**esist physical tampering** and provide high levels of **security against cyber attacks**.
|
||||
|
||||
The service provides a range of cryptographic services, including key generation, key management, digital signature, encryption, and decryption. It supports industry-standard cryptographic algorithms such as AES, RSA, and ECC, and can be integrated with a variety of applications and services.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is a Hardware Security Module
|
||||
|
||||
A hardware security module (HSM) is a dedicated cryptographic device that is used to generate, store, and manage cryptographic keys and protect sensitive data. It is designed to provide a high level of security by physically and electronically isolating the cryptographic functions from the rest of the system.
|
||||
|
||||
The way an HSM works can vary depending on the specific model and manufacturer, but generally, the following steps occur:
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Key generation**: The HSM generates a random cryptographic key using a secure random number generator.
|
||||
2. **Key storage**: The key is **stored securely within the HSM, where it can only be accessed by authorized users or processes**.
|
||||
3. **Key management**: The HSM provides a range of key management functions, including key rotation, backup, and revocation.
|
||||
4. **Cryptographic operations**: The HSM performs a range of cryptographic operations, including encryption, decryption, digital signature, and key exchange. These operations are **performed within the secure environment of the HSM**, which protects against unauthorized access and tampering.
|
||||
5. **Audit logging**: The HSM logs all cryptographic operations and access attempts, which can be used for compliance and security auditing purposes.
|
||||
|
||||
HSMs can be used for a wide range of applications, including secure online transactions, digital certificates, secure communications, and data encryption. They are often used in industries that require a high level of security, such as finance, healthcare, and government.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, the high level of security provided by HSMs makes it **very difficult to extract raw keys from them, and attempting to do so is often considered a breach of security**. However, there may be **certain scenarios** where a **raw key could be extracted** by authorized personnel for specific purposes, such as in the case of a key recovery procedure.
|
||||
|
||||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
{% endhint %}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
||||
# IBM - Hyper Protect Virtual Server
|
||||
|
||||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
{% endhint %}
|
||||
|
||||
## Basic Information
|
||||
|
||||
Hyper Protect Virtual Server is a **virtual server** offering from IBM that is designed to provide a **high level of security and compliance** for sensitive workloads. It runs on **IBM Z and LinuxONE hardware**, which are designed for high levels of security and scalability.
|
||||
|
||||
Hyper Protect Virtual Server uses **advanced security features** such as secure boot, encrypted memory, and tamper-proof virtualization to protect sensitive data and applications. It also provides a **secure execution environment that isolates each workload from other workloads** running on the same system.
|
||||
|
||||
This virtual server offering is designed for workloads that require the highest levels of security and compliance, such as financial services, healthcare, and government. It allows organizations to run their sensitive workloads in a virtual environment while still meeting strict security and compliance requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
### Metadata & VPC
|
||||
|
||||
When you run a server like this one from the IBM service called "Hyper Protect Virtual Server" it **won't** allow you to configure **access to metadata,** link any **trusted profile**, use **user data**, or even a **VPC** to place the server in.
|
||||
|
||||
However, it's possible to **run a VM in a IBM Z linuxONE hardware** from the service "**Virtual server for VPC**" which will allow you to **set those configs** (metadata, trusted profiles, VPC...).
|
||||
|
||||
### IBM Z and LinuxONE
|
||||
|
||||
If you don't understand this terms chatGPT can help you understanding them.
|
||||
|
||||
**IBM Z is a family of mainframe computers** developed by IBM. These systems are designed for **high-performance, high-availability, and high-security** enterprise computing. IBM Z is known for its ability to handle large-scale transactions and data processing workloads.
|
||||
|
||||
**LinuxONE is a line of IBM Z** mainframes that are optimized for **running Linux** workloads. LinuxONE systems support a wide range of open-source software, tools, and applications. They provide a highly secure and scalable platform for running mission-critical workloads such as databases, analytics, and machine learning.
|
||||
|
||||
**LinuxONE** is built on the **same hardware** platform as **IBM Z**, but it is **optimized** for **Linux** workloads. LinuxONE systems support multiple virtual servers, each of which can run its own instance of Linux. These virtual servers are isolated from each other to ensure maximum security and reliability.
|
||||
|
||||
### LinuxONE vs x64
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxONE is a family of mainframe computers developed by IBM that are optimized for running Linux workloads. These systems are designed for high levels of security, reliability, scalability, and performance.
|
||||
|
||||
Compared to x64 architecture, which is the most common architecture used in servers and personal computers, LinuxONE has some unique advantages. Some of the key differences are:
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Scalability**: LinuxONE can support massive amounts of processing power and memory, which makes it ideal for large-scale workloads.
|
||||
2. **Security**: LinuxONE has built-in security features that are designed to protect against cyber threats and data breaches. These features include hardware encryption, secure boot, and tamper-proof virtualization.
|
||||
3. **Reliability**: LinuxONE has built-in redundancy and failover capabilities that help ensure high availability and minimize downtime.
|
||||
4. **Performance**: LinuxONE can deliver high levels of performance for workloads that require large amounts of processing power, such as big data analytics, machine learning, and AI.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, LinuxONE is a powerful and secure platform that is well-suited for running large-scale, mission-critical workloads that require high levels of performance and reliability. While x64 architecture has its own advantages, it may not be able to provide the same level of scalability, security, and reliability as LinuxONE for certain workloads.\\
|
||||
|
||||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
|
||||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
{% endhint %}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user