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src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/README.md
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@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ Vanuit 'n Rooi Span perspektief is die **eerste stap om 'n Azure omgewing te kom
- **Sosiale** Ingenieurswese
- **Wagwoord** hergebruik (wagwoordlekke)
- Kw vulnerabilities in Azure-gehuisvesde toepassings
- [**Server Side Request Forgery**](https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/pentesting-web/ssrf-server-side-request-forgery/cloud-ssrf.html) met toegang tot metadata eindpunt
- [**Server Side Request Forgery**](https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/pentesting-web/ssrf-server-side-request-forgery/cloud-ssrf.html) met toegang tot metadata-eindpunt
- **Plaaslike Lêer Lees**
- `/home/USERNAME/.azure`
- `C:\Users\USERNAME\.azure`
- Die lêer **`accessTokens.json`** in `az cli` voor 2.30 - Jan2022 - gestoor **toegang tokens in duidelike teks**
- Die lêer **`accessTokens.json`** in `az cli` voor 2.30 - Jan2022 - gestoor **toegangstokens in duidelike teks**
- Die lêer **`azureProfile.json`** bevat **inligting** oor die ingelogde gebruiker.
- **`az logout`** verwyder die token.
- Ou weergawe van **`Az PowerShell`** het **toegang tokens** in **duidelike** teks in **`TokenCache.dat`** gestoor. Dit stoor ook **ServicePrincipalSecret** in **duidelike** teks in **`AzureRmContext.json`**. Die cmdlet **`Save-AzContext`** kan gebruik word om **tokens** te **stoor**.\
- Ou weergawe van **`Az PowerShell`** het **toegangstokens** in **duidelike** teks in **`TokenCache.dat`** gestoor. Dit stoor ook **ServicePrincipalSecret** in **duidelike** teks in **`AzureRmContext.json`**. Die cmdlet **`Save-AzContext`** kan gebruik word om **tokens** te **stoor**.\
Gebruik `Disconnect-AzAccount` om hulle te verwyder.
- 3de partye **gekompromitteer**
- **Interne** Werknemer
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Gebruik `Disconnect-AzAccount` om hulle te verwyder.
- [Toestelkode Verifikasie Phishing](az-unauthenticated-enum-and-initial-entry/az-device-code-authentication-phishing.md)
- [Azure **Wagwoord Spuit**](az-unauthenticated-enum-and-initial-entry/az-password-spraying.md)
Selfs as jy **nie enige gebruiker** binne die Azure tenant wat jy aanval, gecompromitteer het nie, kan jy **'n paar inligting** daaruit versamel:
Selfs as jy **nie enige gebruiker** binne die Azure huurkontrak wat jy aanval, gecompromitteer het nie, kan jy **'n paar inligting** daaruit versamel:
{{#ref}}
az-unauthenticated-enum-and-initial-entry/
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ az account management-group list #Not allowed by default
{{#endtab }}
{{#tab name="AzureAD" }}
```powershell
```bash
#Get the current session state
Get-AzureADCurrentSessionInfo
#Get details of the current tenant
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Get-AzureADTenantDetail
{{#endtab }}
{{#tab name="Az PowerShell" }}
```powershell
```bash
# Get the information about the current context (Account, Tenant, Subscription etc.)
Get-AzContext
# List all available contexts
@@ -120,11 +120,11 @@ Get-AzRoleAssignment -SignInName test@corp.onmicrosoft.com # For current user
{{#endtabs }}
> [!CAUTION]
> Een van die belangrikste opdragte om Azure te evalueer is **`Get-AzResource`** van Az PowerShell, aangesien dit jou **toelaat om te weet watter hulpbronne jou huidige gebruiker sigbaar het**.
> Een van die belangrikste opdragte om Azure te evalueer is **`Get-AzResource`** van Az PowerShell, aangesien dit jou **toelaat om die hulpbronne te ken wat jou huidige gebruiker sigbaarheid oor het**.
>
> Jy kan dieselfde inligting in die **webkonsol** kry deur na [https://portal.azure.com/#view/HubsExtension/BrowseAll](https://portal.azure.com/#view/HubsExtension/BrowseAll) te gaan of te soek na "Alle hulpbronne"
### ENtra ID Evalueer
### Entra ID Evalueering
Standaard behoort enige gebruiker **voldoende regte te hê om** dinge soos gebruikers, groepe, rolle, diensprincipals... te evalueer (kyk [standaard AzureAD regte](az-basic-information/index.html#default-user-permissions)).\
Jy kan hier 'n gids vind:
@@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ az-services/az-azuread.md
> [!NOTE]
> Nou dat jy **'n bietjie inligting oor jou akrediteer** het (en as jy 'n rooi span is, hoop ek jy **is nie opgespoor nie**). Dit is tyd om uit te vind watter dienste in die omgewing gebruik word.\
> In die volgende afdeling kan jy 'n paar maniere kyk om **'n paar algemene dienste te evalueer.**
> In die volgende afdeling kan jy 'n paar maniere nagaan om **'n paar algemene dienste te evalueer.**
## App Service SCM
Kudu-konsol om in te log in die App Service 'houer'.
Kudu-konsol om in te log op die App Service 'houer'.
## Webshell
@@ -149,226 +149,4 @@ Gebruik portal.azure.com en kies die shell, of gebruik shell.azure.com, vir 'n b
Azure DevOps is apart van Azure. Dit het repositories, pipelines (yaml of release), borde, wiki, en meer. Veranderlike Groepe word gebruik om veranderlike waardes en geheime te stoor.
## Debug | MitM az cli
Deur die parameter **`--debug`** te gebruik, is dit moontlik om al die versoeke wat die hulpmiddel **`az`** stuur, te sien:
```bash
az account management-group list --output table --debug
```
Om 'n **MitM** op die hulpmiddel te doen en **al die versoeke** wat dit handmatig stuur te kontroleer, kan jy doen:
{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Bash" }}
```bash
export ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
export AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
export HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
# If this is not enough
# Download the certificate from Burp and convert it into .pem format
# And export the following env variable
openssl x509 -in ~/Downloads/cacert.der -inform DER -out ~/Downloads/cacert.pem -outform PEM
export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=/Users/user/Downloads/cacert.pem
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#tab name="PS" }}
```bash
$env:ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
$env:AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
$env:HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
$env:HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}
## Geoutomatiseerde Verkenningsgereedskap
### [**ROADRecon**](https://github.com/dirkjanm/ROADtools)
```powershell
cd ROADTools
pipenv shell
roadrecon auth -u test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -p "Welcome2022!"
roadrecon gather
roadrecon gui
```
### [Monkey365](https://github.com/silverhack/monkey365)
```powershell
Import-Module monkey365
Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365
Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365 -Detailed
Invoke-Monkey365 -IncludeEntraID -ExportTo HTML -Verbose -Debug -InformationAction Continue
Invoke-Monkey365 - Instance Azure -Analysis All -ExportTo HTML
```
### [**Stormspotter**](https://github.com/Azure/Stormspotter)
```powershell
# Start Backend
cd stormspotter\backend\
pipenv shell
python ssbackend.pyz
# Start Front-end
cd stormspotter\frontend\dist\spa\
quasar.cmd serve -p 9091 --history
# Run Stormcollector
cd stormspotter\stormcollector\
pipenv shell
az login -u test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -p Welcome2022!
python stormspotter\stormcollector\sscollector.pyz cli
# This will generate a .zip file to upload in the frontend (127.0.0.1:9091)
```
### [**AzureHound**](https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/AzureHound)
```powershell
# You need to use the Az PowerShell and Azure AD modules:
$passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString "Welcome2022!" -AsPlainText -Force
$creds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("test@corp.onmicrosoft.com", $passwd)
Connect-AzAccount -Credential $creds
Import-Module AzureAD\AzureAD.psd1
Connect-AzureAD -Credential $creds
# Launch AzureHound
. AzureHound\AzureHound.ps1
Invoke-AzureHound -Verbose
# Simple queries
## All Azure Users
MATCH (n:AZUser) return n.name
## All Azure Applications
MATCH (n:AZApp) return n.objectid
## All Azure Devices
MATCH (n:AZDevice) return n.name
## All Azure Groups
MATCH (n:AZGroup) return n.name
## All Azure Key Vaults
MATCH (n:AZKeyVault) return n.name
## All Azure Resource Groups
MATCH (n:AZResourceGroup) return n.name
## All Azure Service Principals
MATCH (n:AZServicePrincipal) return n.objectid
## All Azure Virtual Machines
MATCH (n:AZVM) return n.name
## All Principals with the ‘Contributor’ role
MATCH p = (n)-[r:AZContributor]->(g) RETURN p
# Advanced queries
## Get Global Admins
MATCH p =(n)-[r:AZGlobalAdmin*1..]->(m) RETURN p
## Owners of Azure Groups
MATCH p = (n)-[r:AZOwns]->(g:AZGroup) RETURN p
## All Azure Users and their Groups
MATCH p=(m:AZUser)-[r:MemberOf]->(n) WHERE NOT m.objectid CONTAINS 'S-1-5' RETURN p
## Privileged Service Principals
MATCH p = (g:AZServicePrincipal)-[r]->(n) RETURN p
## Owners of Azure Applications
MATCH p = (n)-[r:AZOwns]->(g:AZApp) RETURN p
## Paths to VMs
MATCH p = (n)-[r]->(g: AZVM) RETURN p
## Paths to KeyVault
MATCH p = (n)-[r]->(g:AZKeyVault) RETURN p
## Paths to Azure Resource Group
MATCH p = (n)-[r]->(g:AZResourceGroup) RETURN p
## On-Prem users with edges to Azure
MATCH p=(m:User)-[r:AZResetPassword|AZOwns|AZUserAccessAdministrator|AZContributor|AZAddMembers|AZGlobalAdmin|AZVMContributor|AZOwnsAZAvereContributor]->(n) WHERE m.objectid CONTAINS 'S-1-5-21' RETURN p
## All Azure AD Groups that are synchronized with On-Premise AD
MATCH (n:Group) WHERE n.objectid CONTAINS 'S-1-5' AND n.azsyncid IS NOT NULL RETURN n
```
### [Azucar](https://github.com/nccgroup/azucar)
```bash
# You should use an account with at least read-permission on the assets you want to access
git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/azucar.git
PS> Get-ChildItem -Recurse c:\Azucar_V10 | Unblock-File
PS> .\Azucar.ps1 -AuthMode UseCachedCredentials -Verbose -WriteLog -Debug -ExportTo PRINT
PS> .\Azucar.ps1 -ExportTo CSV,JSON,XML,EXCEL -AuthMode Certificate_Credentials -Certificate C:\AzucarTest\server.pfx -ApplicationId 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 -TenantID 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
PS> .\Azucar.ps1 -ExportTo CSV,JSON,XML,EXCEL -AuthMode Certificate_Credentials -Certificate C:\AzucarTest\server.pfx -CertFilePassword MySuperP@ssw0rd! -ApplicationId 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 -TenantID 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
# resolve the TenantID for an specific username
PS> .\Azucar.ps1 -ResolveTenantUserName user@company.com
```
### [**MicroBurst**](https://github.com/NetSPI/MicroBurst)
```
Import-Module .\MicroBurst.psm1
Import-Module .\Get-AzureDomainInfo.ps1
Get-AzureDomainInfo -folder MicroBurst -Verbose
```
### [**PowerZure**](https://github.com/hausec/PowerZure)
```powershell
Connect-AzAccount
ipmo C:\Path\To\Powerzure.psd1
Get-AzureTarget
# Reader
$ Get-Runbook, Get-AllUsers, Get-Apps, Get-Resources, Get-WebApps, Get-WebAppDetails
# Contributor
$ Execute-Command -OS Windows -VM Win10Test -ResourceGroup Test-RG -Command "whoami"
$ Execute-MSBuild -VM Win10Test -ResourceGroup Test-RG -File "build.xml"
$ Get-AllSecrets # AllAppSecrets, AllKeyVaultContents
$ Get-AvailableVMDisks, Get-VMDisk # Download a virtual machine's disk
# Owner
$ Set-Role -Role Contributor -User test@contoso.com -Resource Win10VMTest
# Administrator
$ Create-Backdoor, Execute-Backdoor
```
### [**GraphRunner**](https://github.com/dafthack/GraphRunner/wiki/Invoke%E2%80%90GraphRunner)
```powershell
#Get-GraphTokens
#A good place to start is to authenticate with the Get-GraphTokens module. This module will launch a device-code login, allowing you to authenticate the session from a browser session. Access and refresh tokens will be written to the global $tokens variable. To use them with other GraphRunner modules use the Tokens flag (Example. Invoke-DumpApps -Tokens $tokens)
Import-Module .\GraphRunner.ps1
Get-GraphTokens
#Invoke-GraphRecon
#This module gathers information about the tenant including the primary contact info, directory sync settings, and user settings such as if users have the ability to create apps, create groups, or consent to apps.
Invoke-GraphRecon -Tokens $tokens -PermissionEnum
#Invoke-DumpCAPS
#A module to dump conditional access policies from a tenant.
Invoke-GraphRecon -Tokens $tokens -PermissionEnum
#Invoke-DumpCAPS
#A module to dump conditional access policies from a tenant.
Invoke-DumpCAPS -Tokens $tokens -ResolveGuids
#Invoke-DumpApps
#This module helps identify malicious app registrations. It will dump a list of Azure app registrations from the tenant including permission scopes and users that have consented to the apps. Additionally, it will list external apps that are not owned by the current tenant or by Microsoft's main app tenant. This is a good way to find third-party external apps that users may have consented to.
Invoke-DumpApps -Tokens $tokens
#Get-AzureADUsers
#Gather the full list of users from the directory.
Get-AzureADUsers -Tokens $tokens -OutFile users.txt
#Get-SecurityGroups
#Create a list of security groups along with their members.
Get-SecurityGroups -AccessToken $tokens.access_token
G#et-UpdatableGroups
#Gets groups that may be able to be modified by the current user
Get-UpdatableGroups -Tokens $tokens
#Get-DynamicGroups
#Finds dynamic groups and displays membership rules
Get-DynamicGroups -Tokens $tokens
#Get-SharePointSiteURLs
#Gets a list of SharePoint site URLs visible to the current user
Get-SharePointSiteURLs -Tokens $tokens
#Invoke-GraphOpenInboxFinder
#This module attempts to locate mailboxes in a tenant that have allowed other users to read them. By providing a userlist the module will attempt to access the inbox of each user and display if it was successful. The access token needs to be scoped to Mail.Read.Shared or Mail.ReadWrite.Shared for this to work.
Invoke-GraphOpenInboxFinder -Tokens $tokens -Userlist users.txt
#Get-TenantID
#This module attempts to gather a tenant ID associated with a domain.
Get-TenantID -Domain
#Invoke-GraphRunner
#Runs Invoke-GraphRecon, Get-AzureADUsers, Get-SecurityGroups, Invoke-DumpCAPS, Invoke-DumpApps, and then uses the default_detectors.json file to search with Invoke-SearchMailbox, Invoke-SearchSharePointAndOneDrive, and Invoke-SearchTeams.
Invoke-GraphRunner -Tokens $tokens
```
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