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src/pentesting-cloud/aws-security/aws-persistence/aws-ec2-persistence.md

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+# AWS - EC2 Persistence
+
+{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
+
+## EC2
+
+For more information check:
+
+{{#ref}}
+../aws-services/aws-ec2-ebs-elb-ssm-vpc-and-vpn-enum/
+{{#endref}}
+
+### Security Group Connection Tracking Persistence
+
+If a defender finds that an **EC2 instance was compromised** he will probably try to **isolate** the **network** of the machine. He could do this with an explicit **Deny NACL** (but NACLs affect the entire subnet), or **changing the security group** not allowing **any kind of inbound or outbound** traffic.
+
+If the attacker had a **reverse shell originated from the machine**, even if the SG is modified to not allow inboud or outbound traffic, the **connection won't be killed due to** [**Security Group Connection Tracking**](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/security-group-connection-tracking.html)**.**
+
+### EC2 Lifecycle Manager
+
+This service allow to **schedule** the **creation of AMIs and snapshots** and even **share them with other accounts**.\
+An attacker could configure the **generation of AMIs or snapshots** of all the images or all the volumes **every week** and **share them with his account**.
+
+### Scheduled Instances
+
+It's possible to schedule instances to run daily, weekly or even monthly. An attacker could run a machine with high privileges or interesting access where he could access.
+
+### Spot Fleet Request
+
+Spot instances are **cheaper** than regular instances. An attacker could launch a **small spot fleet request for 5 year** (for example), with **automatic IP** assignment and a **user data** that sends to the attacker **when the spot instance start** and the **IP address** and with a **high privileged IAM role**.
+
+### Backdoor Instances
+
+An attacker could get access to the instances and backdoor them:
+
+- Using a traditional **rootkit** for example
+- Adding a new **public SSH key** (check [EC2 privesc options](../aws-privilege-escalation/aws-ec2-privesc.md))
+- Backdooring the **User Data**
+
+### **Backdoor Launch Configuration**
+
+- Backdoor the used AMI
+- Backdoor the User Data
+- Backdoor the Key Pair
+
+### VPN
+
+Create a VPN so the attacker will be able to connect directly through i to the VPC.
+
+### VPC Peering
+
+Create a peering connection between the victim VPC and the attacker VPC so he will be able to access the victim VPC.
+
+{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}