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src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-services/az-postgresql.md
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src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-services/az-postgresql.md
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# Az - PostgreSQL Databases
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## Azure PostgreSQL
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**Azure Database for PostgreSQL** is a fully managed **relational database service based on the PostgreSQL** Community Edition. It is designed to provide scalability, security, and flexibility for diverse application needs. Similar to Azure MySQL, PostgreSQL offers two deployment models:
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* **Single Server** (on the retirement path):
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- Optimized for straightforward, cost-effective PostgreSQL deployments.
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- Features automated backups, basic monitoring, and high availability.
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- Ideal for applications with predictable workloads.
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* **Flexible Server**:
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- Provides greater control over database management and configuration.
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- Supports high availability, both in the same zone and across zones.
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- Features elastic scaling, automated maintenance, and cost-saving functionality.
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- Allows starting and stopping the server to optimize costs.
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### Key Features
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* **Custom Maintenance Windows**: Schedule updates to minimize disruption.
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* **Active Monitoring**: Access detailed metrics and logs to track and improve database performance.
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* **Stop/Start Server**: Users can stop and start the server.
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* **Automatic Backups**: Built-in daily backups with retention periods configurable up to 35 days.
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* **Role-Based Access**: Control user permissions and administrative access through Azure Active Directory.
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* **Security and Networking**: can manage server firewall rules for secure database access and detach virtual network configurations as needed.
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### Enumeration
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{% tabs %}
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{% tab title="az cli" %}
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# List servers in a resource group
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az postgres flexible-server list --resource-group <resource-group-name>
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# List databases in a flexible-server
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az postgres flexible-server db list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
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# Show specific details of a Postgre database
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az postgres flexible-server db show --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name> --database-name <database_name>
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# List firewall rules of the a server
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az postgres flexible-server firewall-rule list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
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# List parameter values for a felxible server
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az postgres flexible-server parameter list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
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# List private link
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az postgres flexible-server private-link-resource list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
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# List all ad-admin in a server
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az postgres flexible-server ad-admin list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
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# List all user assigned managed identities from the server
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az postgres flexible-server identity list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
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# List the server backups
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az postgres flexible-server backup list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
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# List all read replicas for a given server
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az postgres flexible-server replica list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
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# List migrations
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az postgres flexible-server migration list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
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# Get the server's advanced threat protection setting
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az postgres flexible-server advanced-threat-protection-setting show --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <server_name>
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# List all of the maintenances of a flexible server
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az postgres flexible-server maintenance list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
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# List log files for a server.
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az postgres flexible-server server-logs list --resource-group <resource-group-name> --server-name <server_name>
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Az PowerShell" %}
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```powershell
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Get-Command -Module Az.PostgreSql
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# List flexible-servers in a resource group
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Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServer -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name>
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# List databases in a flexible-server
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Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerDatabase -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name> -ServerName <server_name>
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# List firewall rules of the a flexible-server
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Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerFirewallRule -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name> -ServerName <server_name>
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# List configuration settings of a flexible server
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Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name> -ServerName <server_name>
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# Get the connection string for a flexible server
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Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerConnectionString -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name> -ServerName <server_name> -Client <client>
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Get-AzPostgreSqlFlexibleServerLocationBasedCapability -Location <location>
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# List servers in a resource group
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Get-AzPostgreSqlServer -ResourceGroupName <resource-group-name>
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% endtab %}
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{% endtabs %}
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### Connection
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With the extension rdbms-connect you can access the database with:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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az postgres flexible-server connect -n <server-name> -u <username> -p <password> --interactive
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#or execute commands
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az postgres flexible-server execute \
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-n <server-name> \
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-u <username> \
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-p "<password>" \
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-d <database-name> \
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--querytext "SELECT * FROM <table-name>;"
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Or
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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psql -h testpostgresserver1994.postgres.database.azure.com -p 5432 -U adminuser <database-name>
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```
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{% endcode %}
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## References
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* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/)
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* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/service-overview](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/service-overview)
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* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/overview](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/overview)
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## Privilege Escalation
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{% content-ref url="../az-privilege-escalation/az-postgresql-privesc.md" %}
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[az-postgresql-privesc.md](../az-privilege-escalation/az-postgresql-privesc.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## Post Exploitation
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{% content-ref url="../az-post-exploitation/az-postgresql-post-exploitation.md" %}
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[az-postgresql-post-exploitation.md](../az-post-exploitation/az-postgresql-post-exploitation.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## ToDo
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* Look a way to access with ad-admin to verify its a privesc method
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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||||
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||||
<details>
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||||
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||||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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