# Az - Enumeration Tools

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## Install PowerShell in Linux

> [!TIP]
> Katika linux utahitaji kufunga PowerShell Core:
```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y wget apt-transport-https software-properties-common

# Ubuntu 20.04
wget -q https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb

# Update repos
sudo apt-get update
sudo add-apt-repository universe

# Install & start powershell
sudo apt-get install -y powershell
pwsh

# Az cli
curl -sL https://aka.ms/InstallAzureCLIDeb | sudo bash
```
## Install PowerShell in MacOS

Maelekezo kutoka kwenye [**documentation**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-macos?view=powershell-7.4):

1. Install `brew` ikiwa bado haijasanidiwa:
```bash
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
```
2. Sakinisha toleo la hivi punde la PowerShell:
```sh
brew install powershell/tap/powershell
```
3. Kimbia PowerShell:
```sh
pwsh
```
4. Sasisho:
```sh
brew update
brew upgrade powershell
```
## Main Enumeration Tools

### az cli

[**Azure Command-Line Interface (CLI)**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli) ni chombo cha kuvuka majukwaa kilichoandikwa kwa Python kwa ajili ya kusimamia na kuendesha (zaidi ya) rasilimali za Azure na Entra ID. Kinajihusisha na Azure na kutekeleza amri za usimamizi kupitia mstari wa amri au skripti.

Fuata kiungo hiki kwa [**maelekezo ya usakinishaji¡**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli#install).

Amri katika Azure CLI zimejengwa kwa kutumia muundo wa: `az <service> <action> <parameters>`

#### Debug | MitM az cli

Kwa kutumia parameter **`--debug`** inawezekana kuona maombi yote ambayo chombo **`az`** kinatuma:
```bash
az account management-group list --output table --debug
```
Ili kufanya **MitM** kwa zana na **kuangalia maombi yote** inayopeleka kwa mikono unaweza kufanya: 

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Bash" }}
```bash
export ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
export AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
export HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"

# If this is not enough
# Download the certificate from Burp and convert it into .pem format
# And export the following env variable
openssl x509 -in ~/Downloads/cacert.der -inform DER -out ~/Downloads/cacert.pem -outform PEM
export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=/Users/user/Downloads/cacert.pem
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="CMD" }}
```bash
set ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
set AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
set HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
set HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"

# If this is not enough
# Download the certificate from Burp and convert it into .pem format
# And export the following env variable
openssl x509 -in cacert.der -inform DER -out cacert.pem -outform PEM
set REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=C:\Users\user\Downloads\cacert.pem
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="PS" }}
```bash
$env:ADAL_PYTHON_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
$env:AZURE_CLI_DISABLE_CONNECTION_VERIFICATION=1
$env:HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
$env:HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:8080"
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

### Az PowerShell

Azure PowerShell ni moduli yenye cmdlets za kusimamia rasilimali za Azure moja kwa moja kutoka kwenye mstari wa amri wa PowerShell.

Fuata kiungo hiki kwa [**maelekezo ya usakinishaji**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/azure/install-azure-powershell).

Amri katika Moduli ya Azure PowerShell AZ zimeundwa kama: `<Action>-Az<Service> <parameters>`

#### Debug | MitM Az PowerShell

Kwa kutumia parameter **`-Debug`** inawezekana kuona maombi yote ambayo chombo kinatuma:
```bash
Get-AzResourceGroup -Debug
```
Ili kufanya **MitM** kwa zana na **kuangalia maombi yote** inayopeleka kwa mikono unaweza kuweka mabadiliko ya mazingira `HTTPS_PROXY` na `HTTP_PROXY` kulingana na [**docs**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/azure/az-powershell-proxy).

### Microsoft Graph PowerShell

Microsoft Graph PowerShell ni SDK ya jukwaa nyingi inayowezesha ufikiaji wa APIs zote za Microsoft Graph, ikiwa ni pamoja na huduma kama SharePoint, Exchange, na Outlook, kwa kutumia kiunganishi kimoja. Inasaidia PowerShell 7+, uthibitishaji wa kisasa kupitia MSAL, identiti za nje, na maswali ya hali ya juu. Kwa kuzingatia ufikiaji wa chini kabisa, inahakikisha shughuli salama na inapokea masasisho ya kawaida ili kuendana na vipengele vya hivi karibuni vya Microsoft Graph API.

Fuata kiungo hiki kwa [**maelekezo ya usakinishaji**](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/microsoftgraph/installation).

Amri katika Microsoft Graph PowerShell zimejengwa kama: `<Action>-Mg<Service> <parameters>`

#### Debug Microsoft Graph PowerShell

Kwa kutumia parameter **`-Debug`** inawezekana kuona maombi yote ambayo zana inatuma:
```bash
Get-MgUser -Debug
```
### ~~**AzureAD Powershell**~~

Moduli ya Azure Active Directory (AD), sasa **imeondolewa**, ni sehemu ya Azure PowerShell kwa ajili ya kusimamia rasilimali za Azure AD. Inatoa cmdlets kwa kazi kama kusimamia watumiaji, vikundi, na usajili wa programu katika Entra ID.

> [!TIP]
> Hii imebadilishwa na Microsoft Graph PowerShell

Fuata kiungo hiki kwa ajili ya [**maelekezo ya usakinishaji**](https://www.powershellgallery.com/packages/AzureAD).

## Zana za Ufuatiliaji wa Kiotomatiki na Uzingatiaji

### [turbot azure plugins](https://github.com/orgs/turbot/repositories?q=mod-azure)

Turbot pamoja na steampipe na powerpipe inaruhusu kukusanya taarifa kutoka Azure na Entra ID na kufanya ukaguzi wa uzingatiaji na kubaini makosa ya usanidi. Moduli za Azure zinazopendekezwa zaidi kwa sasa ni:

- [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-compliance](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-compliance)
- [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-insights](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-insights)
- [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azuread-insights](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azuread-insights)
```bash
# Install
brew install turbot/tap/powerpipe
brew install turbot/tap/steampipe
steampipe plugin install azure
steampipe plugin install azuread

# Config creds via env vars or az cli default creds will be used
export AZURE_ENVIRONMENT="AZUREPUBLICCLOUD"
export AZURE_TENANT_ID="<tenant-id>"
export AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID="<subscription-id>"
export AZURE_CLIENT_ID="<client-id>"
export AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET="<secret>"

# Run steampipe-mod-azure-insights
cd /tmp
mkdir dashboards
cd dashboards
powerpipe mod init
powerpipe mod install github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-azure-insights
steampipe service start
powerpipe server
# Go to http://localhost:9033 in a browser
```
### [Prowler](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler)

Prowler ni chombo cha usalama cha Open Source kufanya tathmini za mbinu bora za usalama za AWS, Azure, Google Cloud na Kubernetes, ukaguzi, majibu ya matukio, ufuatiliaji wa mara kwa mara, kuimarisha na maandalizi ya uchunguzi.

Kimsingi, itaturuhusu kufanya mabadiliko mia kadhaa dhidi ya mazingira ya Azure ili kupata mipangilio isiyo sahihi ya usalama na kukusanya matokeo katika json (na muundo mwingine wa maandiko) au kuyakagua kwenye wavuti.
```bash
# Create a application with Reader role and set the tenant ID, client ID and secret in prowler so it access the app

# Launch web with docker-compose
export DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM=linux/amd64
curl -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/refs/heads/master/docker-compose.yml
curl -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/prowler-cloud/prowler/refs/heads/master/.env
## If using an old docker-compose version, change the "env_file" params to: env_file: ".env"
docker compose up -d
# Access the web and configure the access to run a scan from it

# Prowler cli
python3 -m pip install prowler --break-system-packages
docker run --rm toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --list-checks
docker run --rm toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --list-services
docker run --rm toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --list-compliance
docker run --rm -e "AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id>" -e "AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id>" -e "AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=<secret>" toniblyx/prowler:v4-latest azure --sp-env-auth
## It also support other authentication types, check: prowler azure --help
```
### [Monkey365](https://github.com/silverhack/monkey365)

Inaruhusu kufanya ukaguzi wa usanidi wa usalama wa Azure subscriptions na Microsoft Entra ID kiotomatiki.

Ripoti za HTML zimehifadhiwa ndani ya saraka ya `./monkey-reports` ndani ya folda ya ghala la github.
```bash
git clone https://github.com/silverhack/monkey365
Get-ChildItem -Recurse monkey365 | Unblock-File
cd monkey365
Import-Module ./monkey365
mkdir /tmp/monkey365-scan
cd /tmp/monkey365-scan

Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365
Get-Help Invoke-Monkey365 -Detailed

# Scan with user creds (browser will be run)
Invoke-Monkey365 -TenantId <tenant-id> -Instance Azure -Collect All -ExportTo HTML

# Scan with App creds
$SecureClientSecret = ConvertTo-SecureString "<secret>" -AsPlainText -Force
Invoke-Monkey365 -TenantId <tenant-id> -ClientId <client-id> -ClientSecret $SecureClientSecret -Instance Azure -Collect All -ExportTo HTML
```
### [ScoutSuite](https://github.com/nccgroup/ScoutSuite)

Scout Suite inakusanya data za usanidi kwa ajili ya ukaguzi wa mikono na kuonyesha maeneo ya hatari. Ni chombo cha ukaguzi wa usalama wa multi-cloud, ambacho kinawawezesha kutathmini hali ya usalama ya mazingira ya wingu.
```bash
virtualenv -p python3 venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install scoutsuite
scout --help

# Use --cli flag to use az cli credentials
# Use --user-account to have scout prompt for user credentials
# Use --user-account-browser to launch a browser to login
# Use --service-principal to have scout prompt for app credentials

python scout.py azure --cli
```
### [Azure-MG-Sub-Governance-Reporting](https://github.com/JulianHayward/Azure-MG-Sub-Governance-Reporting)

Ni script ya powershell inayokusaidia **kuonyesha rasilimali zote na ruhusa ndani ya Kundi la Usimamizi na Entra ID** tenant na kutafuta makosa ya usalama.

Inafanya kazi kwa kutumia moduli ya Az PowerShell, hivyo uthibitisho wowote unaoungwa mkono na chombo hiki unasaidiwa na chombo hicho.
```bash
import-module Az
.\AzGovVizParallel.ps1 -ManagementGroupId <management-group-id> [-SubscriptionIdWhitelist <subscription-id>]
```
## Automated Post-Exploitation tools

### [**ROADRecon**](https://github.com/dirkjanm/ROADtools)

Uainishaji wa ROADRecon unatoa taarifa kuhusu usanidi wa Entra ID, kama watumiaji, vikundi, majukumu, sera za ufikiaji wa masharti...
```bash
cd ROADTools
pipenv shell
# Login with user creds
roadrecon auth -u test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -p "Welcome2022!"
# Login with app creds
roadrecon auth --as-app --client "<client-id>" --password "<secret>" --tenant "<tenant-id>"
roadrecon gather
roadrecon gui
```
### [**AzureHound**](https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/AzureHound)
```bash
# Launch AzureHound
## Login with app secret
azurehound -a "<client-id>" -s "<secret>" --tenant "<tenant-id>" list -o ./output.json
## Login with user creds
azurehound -u "<user-email>" -p "<password>" --tenant "<tenant-id>" list -o ./output.json
```
Zindua **BloodHound** wavuti kwa **`curl -L https://ghst.ly/getbhce | docker compose -f - up`** na uagizie faili `output.json`.

Kisha, katika kichupo cha **EXPLORE**, katika sehemu ya **CYPHER** unaweza kuona ikoni ya **folder** ambayo ina maswali yaliyojengwa awali.

### [**MicroBurst**](https://github.com/NetSPI/MicroBurst)

MicroBurst inajumuisha kazi na skripti zinazosaidia kugundua Huduma za Azure, ukaguzi wa usanidi dhaifu, na hatua za baada ya unyakuzi kama vile kudondosha akidi. Inakusudiwa kutumika wakati wa majaribio ya pen ambapo Azure inatumika.
```bash
Import-Module .\MicroBurst.psm1
Import-Module .\Get-AzureDomainInfo.ps1
Get-AzureDomainInfo -folder MicroBurst -Verbose
```
### [**PowerZure**](https://github.com/hausec/PowerZure)

PowerZure ilianzishwa kutokana na hitaji la mfumo ambao unaweza kufanya upelelezi na unyakuzi wa Azure, EntraID, na rasilimali zinazohusiana.

Inatumia moduli ya **Az PowerShell**, hivyo uthibitisho wowote unaoungwa mkono na chombo hiki unasaidiwa na chombo hicho.
```bash
# Login
Import-Module Az
Connect-AzAccount

# Clone and import PowerZure
git clone https://github.com/hausec/PowerZure
cd PowerZure
ipmo ./Powerzure.psd1
Invoke-Powerzure -h # Check all the options

# Info Gathering (read)
Get-AzureCurrentUser # Get current user
Get-AzureTarget # What can you access to
Get-AzureUser -All # Get all users
Get-AzureSQLDB -All # Get all SQL DBs
Get-AzureAppOwner # Owners of apps in Entra
Show-AzureStorageContent -All # List containers, shared and tables
Show-AzureKeyVaultContent -All # List all contents in key vaults


# Operational (write)
Set-AzureUserPassword -Password <password> -Username <username> # Change password
Set-AzureElevatedPrivileges # Get permissions from Global Administrator in EntraID to User Access Administrator in Azure RBAC.
New-AzureBackdoor -Username <username> -Password <password>
Invoke-AzureRunCommand -Command <command> -VMName <vmname>
[...]
```
### [**GraphRunner**](https://github.com/dafthack/GraphRunner/wiki/Invoke%E2%80%90GraphRunner)

GraphRunner ni zana za baada ya unyakuzi kwa ajili ya kuingiliana na Microsoft Graph API. Inatoa zana mbalimbali za kufanya upelelezi, kudumisha, na kuiba data kutoka kwa akaunti ya Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD).
```bash
#A good place to start is to authenticate with the Get-GraphTokens module. This module will launch a device-code login, allowing you to authenticate the session from a browser session. Access and refresh tokens will be written to the global $tokens variable. To use them with other GraphRunner modules use the Tokens flag (Example. Invoke-DumpApps -Tokens $tokens)
Import-Module .\GraphRunner.ps1
Get-GraphTokens

#This module gathers information about the tenant including the primary contact info, directory sync settings, and user settings such as if users have the ability to create apps, create groups, or consent to apps.
Invoke-GraphRecon -Tokens $tokens -PermissionEnum

#A module to dump conditional access policies from a tenant.
Invoke-GraphRecon -Tokens $tokens -PermissionEnum

#A module to dump conditional access policies from a tenant.
Invoke-DumpCAPS -Tokens $tokens -ResolveGuids

#This module helps identify malicious app registrations. It will dump a list of Azure app registrations from the tenant including permission scopes and users that have consented to the apps. Additionally, it will list external apps that are not owned by the current tenant or by Microsoft's main app tenant. This is a good way to find third-party external apps that users may have consented to.
Invoke-DumpApps -Tokens $tokens

#Gather the full list of users from the directory.
Get-AzureADUsers -Tokens $tokens -OutFile users.txt

#Create a list of security groups along with their members.
Get-SecurityGroups -AccessToken $tokens.access_token

#Gets groups that may be able to be modified by the current user
Get-UpdatableGroups -Tokens $tokens

#Finds dynamic groups and displays membership rules
Get-DynamicGroups -Tokens $tokens

#Gets a list of SharePoint site URLs visible to the current user
Get-SharePointSiteURLs -Tokens $tokens

#This module attempts to locate mailboxes in a tenant that have allowed other users to read them. By providing a userlist the module will attempt to access the inbox of each user and display if it was successful. The access token needs to be scoped to Mail.Read.Shared or Mail.ReadWrite.Shared for this to work.
Invoke-GraphOpenInboxFinder -Tokens $tokens -Userlist users.txt

#This module attempts to gather a tenant ID associated with a domain.
Get-TenantID -Domain

#Runs Invoke-GraphRecon, Get-AzureADUsers, Get-SecurityGroups, Invoke-DumpCAPS, Invoke-DumpApps, and then uses the default_detectors.json file to search with Invoke-SearchMailbox, Invoke-SearchSharePointAndOneDrive, and Invoke-SearchTeams.
Invoke-GraphRunner -Tokens $tokens
```
### [Stormspotter](https://github.com/Azure/Stormspotter)

Stormspotter inaunda "ramani ya shambulio" ya rasilimali katika usajili wa Azure. Inawawezesha timu za red na wapimaji wa pentesting kuona uso wa shambulio na fursa za kuhamasisha ndani ya mpangilio, na inawapa nguvu walinzi wako kuweza kujiandaa na kuweka kipaumbele katika kazi za majibu ya matukio.

**Kwa bahati mbaya, inaonekana haijatunzwa**.
```bash
# Start Backend
cd stormspotter\backend\
pipenv shell
python ssbackend.pyz

# Start Front-end
cd stormspotter\frontend\dist\spa\
quasar.cmd serve -p 9091 --history

# Run Stormcollector
cd stormspotter\stormcollector\
pipenv shell
az login -u test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -p Welcome2022!
python stormspotter\stormcollector\sscollector.pyz cli
# This will generate a .zip file to upload in the frontend (127.0.0.1:9091)
```
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