# Pentesting Cloud Methodology

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<figure><img src="../images/CLOUD-logo-letters.svg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## Mbinu za Msingi

Kila cloud ina sifa zake za kipekee lakini kwa ujumla kuna mambo machache **ya kawaida msimamizi wa pentester anapaswa kuangalia** wakati anapofanya mtihani wa mazingira ya cloud:

- **Benchmark checks**
- Hii itakusaidia **kuelewa ukubwa** wa mazingira na **services zinazotumika**
- Pia itakuwezesha kupata baadhi ya **misconfigurations ya haraka** kwani unaweza kufanya nyingi ya hizi tests kwa kutumia **automated tools**
- **Services Enumeration**
- Huenda usipate misconfiguration mingi zaidi hapa ikiwa umefanya benchmark tests ipasavyo, lakini unaweza kupata baadhi ambayo hayakutafutwa katika benchmark test.
- Hii itakuwezesha kujua **ni nini hasa kinachotumika** katika mazingira ya cloud
- Hii itasaidia sana katika hatua zinazofuata
- **Check exposed assets**
- Hii inaweza kufanywa wakati wa sehemu iliyopita, unahitaji **kubaini kila kitu kinachoweza kuwa exposed** kwa Internet kwa njia yoyote na jinsi kinavyoweza kufikiwa.
- Hapa ninachukua **infrastructure iliyofunguliwa kwa mkono** kama instances zilizo na kurasa za wavuti au ports nyingine zilizo exposed, na pia kuhusu huduma nyingine zinazodhibitiwa na cloud ambazo zinaweza kusanidiwa kuwa exposed (kama DBs au buckets)
- Kisha unapaswa kuangalia **je, rasilimali hiyo inaweza ku-expose au la** (taarifa za siri? vulnerabilities? misconfigurations katika service iliyo exposed?)
- **Check permissions**
- Hapa unapaswa **kubaini ruhusa zote za kila role/user** ndani ya cloud na jinsi zinavyotumiwa
- Je, kuna akaunti nyingi zenye **privilege kubwa sana** (zinadhibiti kila kitu)? Keys zilizotengenezwa hazitumiwi?... Mengi ya haya maangalia yalipaswa kufanyika tayari katika benchmark tests
- Ikiwa mteja anatumia OpenID au SAML au **federation** nyingine unaweza kuhitaji kuwauliza kwa undani zaidi **maalum** kuhusu **jinsi kila role inavyotengwa** (si sawa admin role ikipewa user 1 au user 100)
- Haikuwa **vitu vya kutosha kupata** ni users gani wana **admin** permissions "\*:\*". Kuna **ruhusa nyingi nyingine** ambazo kulingana na services zinazotumika zinaweza kuwa za **nyeti**.
- Zaidi ya hayo, kuna njia za **privesc** zinazoweza kufuatwa kwa kutumia maelezo hayo. Mambo yote haya yanapaswa kuzingatiwa na **viwango vingi vya privesc kadri liwezekanavyo** vinapaswa kuripotiwa.
- **Check Integrations**
- Inawezekana sana kwamba **integrations na clouds nyingine au SaaS** zinatumika ndani ya mazingira ya cloud.
- Kwa **integrations za cloud unazochunguza** na platform nyingine unapaswa kuwajulisha **nani anaweza kufikia/ku(tya)abuse integration hiyo** na unapaswa kuuliza **ni kiasi gani kitendo hicho ni nyeti**.\
Kwa mfano, nani anaweza kuandika katika bucket ya AWS ambapo GCP inapokea data kutoka (uliza jinsi kitendo hicho kinavyokuwa nyeti katika GCP linaposhughulikia data hiyo).
- Kwa **integrations ndani ya cloud unazochunguza** zinazotoka kwenye platform za nje, unapaswa kuuliza **nani anaweza kufikia kwa nje ili ku(tya)abuse integration hiyo** na kuangalia jinsi data hiyo inavyotumiwa.\
Kwa mfano, ikiwa service inatumia Docker image iliyohifadhiwa katika GCR, unapaswa kuuliza nani anaweza kuibadilisha na ni taarifa gani nyeti na access itakayopatikana kwa image hiyo ikichukuliwa ndani ya AWS cloud.

## Multi-Cloud tools

Kuna zana kadhaa ambazo zinaweza kutumika kujaribu mazingira tofauti za cloud. Hatua za usakinishaji na links zitatolea katika sehemu hii.

### [PurplePanda](https://github.com/carlospolop/purplepanda)

A tool to **identify bad configurations and privesc path in clouds and across clouds/SaaS.**

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Install" }}
```bash
# You need to install and run neo4j also
git clone https://github.com/carlospolop/PurplePanda
cd PurplePanda
python3 -m venv .
source bin/activate
python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt
export PURPLEPANDA_NEO4J_URL="bolt://neo4j@localhost:7687"
export PURPLEPANDA_PWD="neo4j_pwd_4_purplepanda"
python3 main.py -h # Get help
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="GCP" }}
```bash
export GOOGLE_DISCOVERY=$(echo 'google:
- file_path: ""

- file_path: ""
service_account_id: "some-sa-email@sidentifier.iam.gserviceaccount.com"' | base64)

python3 main.py -a -p google #Get basic info of the account to check it's correctly configured
python3 main.py -e -p google #Enumerate the env
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

### [Prowler](https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler)

Inasaidia **AWS, GCP & Azure**. Angalia jinsi ya kusanidi kila mtoa huduma katika [https://docs.prowler.cloud/en/latest/#aws](https://docs.prowler.cloud/en/latest/#aws)
```bash
# Install
pip install prowler
prowler -v

# Run
prowler <provider>
# Example
prowler aws --profile custom-profile [-M csv json json-asff html]

# Get info about checks & services
prowler <provider> --list-checks
prowler <provider> --list-services
```
### [CloudSploit](https://github.com/aquasecurity/cloudsploit)

AWS, Azure, Github, Google, Oracle, Alibaba

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Install" }}
```bash
# Install
git clone https://github.com/aquasecurity/cloudsploit.git
cd cloudsploit
npm install
./index.js -h
## Docker instructions in github
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="GCP" }}
```bash
## You need to have creds for a service account and set them in config.js file
./index.js --cloud google --config </abs/path/to/config.js>
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

### [ScoutSuite](https://github.com/nccgroup/ScoutSuite)

AWS, Azure, GCP, Alibaba Cloud, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Install" }}
```bash
mkdir scout; cd scout
virtualenv -p python3 venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install scoutsuite
scout --help
## Using Docker: https://github.com/nccgroup/ScoutSuite/wiki/Docker-Image
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="GCP" }}
```bash
scout gcp --report-dir /tmp/gcp --user-account --all-projects
## use "--service-account KEY_FILE" instead of "--user-account" to use a service account

SCOUT_FOLDER_REPORT="/tmp"
for pid in $(gcloud projects list --format="value(projectId)"); do
echo "================================================"
echo "Checking $pid"
mkdir "$SCOUT_FOLDER_REPORT/$pid"
scout gcp --report-dir "$SCOUT_FOLDER_REPORT/$pid" --no-browser --user-account --project-id "$pid"
done
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

### [Steampipe](https://github.com/turbot)

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Install" }}
Pakua na sakinisha Steampipe ([https://steampipe.io/downloads](https://steampipe.io/downloads)). Au tumia Brew:
```
brew tap turbot/tap
brew install steampipe
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="GCP" }}
```bash
# Install gcp plugin
steampipe plugin install gcp

# Use https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-gcp-compliance.git
git clone https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-gcp-compliance.git
cd steampipe-mod-gcp-compliance
# To run all the checks from the dashboard
steampipe dashboard
# To run all the checks from rhe cli
steampipe check all
```
<details>

<summary>Angalia Miradi Yote</summary>

Ili kuangalia miradi yote unahitaji kutengeneza faili ya `gcp.spc` inayosema miradi yote ya kujaribu. Unaweza kufuata tu maelekezo kutoka kwa skripti ifuatayo
```bash
FILEPATH="/tmp/gcp.spc"
rm -rf "$FILEPATH" 2>/dev/null

# Generate a json like object for each project
for pid in $(gcloud projects list --format="value(projectId)"); do
echo "connection \"gcp_$(echo -n $pid | tr "-" "_" )\" {
plugin  = \"gcp\"
project = \"$pid\"
}" >> "$FILEPATH"
done

# Generate the aggragator to call
echo 'connection "gcp_all" {
plugin      = "gcp"
type        = "aggregator"
connections = ["gcp_*"]
}' >> "$FILEPATH"

echo "Copy $FILEPATH in ~/.steampipe/config/gcp.spc if it was correctly generated"
```
</details>

Ili kuangalia **insights nyingine za GCP** (inayofaa kwa kuorodhesha huduma) tumia: [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-gcp-insights](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-gcp-insights)

Ili kuangalia Terraform GCP code: [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-terraform-gcp-compliance](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-terraform-gcp-compliance)

Viendelezaji zaidi za GCP za Steampipe: [https://github.com/turbot?q=gcp](https://github.com/turbot?q=gcp)
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="AWS" }}
```bash
# Install aws plugin
steampipe plugin install aws

# Modify the spec indicating in "profile" the profile name to use
nano ~/.steampipe/config/aws.spc

# Get some info on how the AWS account is being used
git clone https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-aws-insights.git
cd steampipe-mod-aws-insights
steampipe dashboard

# Get the services exposed to the internet
git clone https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-aws-perimeter.git
cd steampipe-mod-aws-perimeter
steampipe dashboard

# Run the benchmarks
git clone https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-aws-compliance
cd steampipe-mod-aws-compliance
steampipe dashboard # To see results in browser
steampipe check all --export=/tmp/output4.json
```
To check Terraform AWS msimbo: [https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-terraform-aws-compliance](https://github.com/turbot/steampipe-mod-terraform-aws-compliance)

Plugins zaidi za AWS za Steampipe: [https://github.com/orgs/turbot/repositories?q=aws](https://github.com/orgs/turbot/repositories?q=aws)
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

### [~~cs-suite~~](https://github.com/SecurityFTW/cs-suite)

AWS, GCP, Azure, DigitalOcean.\
Inahitaji python2.7 na inaonekana haidumwi.

### Nessus

Nessus ina skani ya _**Audit Cloud Infrastructure**_ inayounga mkono: AWS, Azure, Office 365, Rackspace, Salesforce. Inahitaji usanidi wa ziada kwenye **Azure** ili kupata **Client Id**.

### [**cloudlist**](https://github.com/projectdiscovery/cloudlist)

Cloudlist ni **chombo cha multi-cloud cha kupata Assets** (Hostnames, IP Addresses) kutoka kwa Cloud Providers.

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Cloudlist" }}
```bash
cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/projectdiscovery/cloudlist/releases/latest/download/cloudlist_1.0.1_macOS_arm64.zip
unzip cloudlist_1.0.1_macOS_arm64.zip
chmod +x cloudlist
sudo mv cloudlist /usr/local/bin
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="Second Tab" }}
```bash
## For GCP it requires service account JSON credentials
cloudlist -config </path/to/config>
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

### [**cartography**](https://github.com/lyft/cartography)

Cartography ni chombo cha Python kinachokusanya mali za miundombinu na uhusiano baina yao katika muonekano wa grafu unaoeleweka unaoendeshwa na hifadhidata ya Neo4j.

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Install" }}
```bash
# Installation
docker image pull ghcr.io/lyft/cartography
docker run --platform linux/amd64 ghcr.io/lyft/cartography cartography --help
## Install a Neo4j DB version 3.5.*
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="GCP" }}
```bash
docker run --platform linux/amd64 \
--volume "$HOME/.config/gcloud/application_default_credentials.json:/application_default_credentials.json" \
-e GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/application_default_credentials.json" \
-e NEO4j_PASSWORD="s3cr3t" \
ghcr.io/lyft/cartography  \
--neo4j-uri bolt://host.docker.internal:7687 \
--neo4j-password-env-var NEO4j_PASSWORD \
--neo4j-user neo4j


# It only checks for a few services inside GCP (https://lyft.github.io/cartography/modules/gcp/index.html)
## Cloud Resource Manager
## Compute
## DNS
## Storage
## Google Kubernetes Engine
### If you can run starbase or purplepanda you will get more info
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

### [**starbase**](https://github.com/JupiterOne/starbase)

Starbase hukusanya rasilimali na uhusiano kutoka kwa huduma na mifumo, ikijumuisha miundombinu ya cloud, programu za SaaS, udhibiti wa usalama, na zaidi, katika muonekano wa grafu unaoeleweka unaosimamiwa na hifadhidata ya Neo4j.

{{#tabs }}
{{#tab name="Install" }}
```bash
# You are going to need Node version 14, so install nvm following https://tecadmin.net/install-nvm-macos-with-homebrew/
npm install --global yarn
nvm install 14
git clone https://github.com/JupiterOne/starbase.git
cd starbase
nvm use 14
yarn install
yarn starbase --help
# Configure manually config.yaml depending on the env to analyze
yarn starbase setup
yarn starbase run

# Docker
git clone https://github.com/JupiterOne/starbase.git
cd starbase
cp config.yaml.example config.yaml
# Configure manually config.yaml depending on the env to analyze
docker build --no-cache -t starbase:latest .
docker-compose run starbase setup
docker-compose run starbase run
```
{{#endtab }}

{{#tab name="GCP" }}
```yaml
## Config for GCP
### Check out: https://github.com/JupiterOne/graph-google-cloud/blob/main/docs/development.md
### It requires service account credentials

integrations:
- name: graph-google-cloud
instanceId: testInstanceId
directory: ./.integrations/graph-google-cloud
gitRemoteUrl: https://github.com/JupiterOne/graph-google-cloud.git
config:
SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY_FILE: "{Check https://github.com/JupiterOne/graph-google-cloud/blob/main/docs/development.md#service_account_key_file-string}"
PROJECT_ID: ""
FOLDER_ID: ""
ORGANIZATION_ID: ""
CONFIGURE_ORGANIZATION_PROJECTS: false

storage:
engine: neo4j
config:
username: neo4j
password: s3cr3t
uri: bolt://localhost:7687
#Consider using host.docker.internal if from docker
```
{{#endtab }}
{{#endtabs }}

### [**SkyArk**](https://github.com/cyberark/SkyArk)

Gundua watumiaji wenye ruhusa nyingi zaidi katika mazingira ya AWS au Azure yaliyokaguliwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na AWS Shadow Admins. Inatumia powershell.
```bash
Import-Module .\SkyArk.ps1 -force
Start-AzureStealth

# in the Cloud Console
IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cyberark/SkyArk/master/AzureStealth/AzureStealth.ps1')
Scan-AzureAdmins
```
### [Cloud Brute](https://github.com/0xsha/CloudBrute)

Chombo cha kutafuta miundombinu ya kampuni (target), faili, na apps kwenye watoa huduma wakubwa wa cloud (Amazon, Google, Microsoft, DigitalOcean, Alibaba, Vultr, Linode).

### [CloudFox](https://github.com/BishopFox/cloudfox)

- CloudFox ni chombo cha kutafuta exploitable attack paths katika miundombinu ya cloud (kwa sasa inasaidia tu AWS & Azure na GCP inakuja hivi karibuni).
- Ni chombo cha kuorodhesha kinachokusudiwa kukamilisha manual pentesting.
- Hairuhusu kuunda au kubadilisha data yoyote ndani ya mazingira ya cloud.

### More lists of cloud security tools

- [https://github.com/RyanJarv/awesome-cloud-sec](https://github.com/RyanJarv/awesome-cloud-sec)

## Google

### GCP

{{#ref}}
gcp-security/
{{#endref}}

### Workspace

{{#ref}}
workspace-security/
{{#endref}}

## AWS

{{#ref}}
aws-security/
{{#endref}}

## Azure

{{#ref}}
azure-security/
{{#endref}}

## Common Cloud Security Features

### Ukompyuta wa Siri

{{#ref}}
confidential-computing/luks2-header-malleability-null-cipher-abuse.md
{{#endref}}

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