cryptonote_core: cache input verification results directly in mempool

This replaces `ver_rct_non_semantics_simple_cached()` with an API that offloads
the responsibility of tracking input verification successes to the caller. The
main caller of this function in the codebase, `cryptonote::Blockchain()` instead
keeps track of the verification results for transaction in the mempool by
storing a "verification ID" in the mempool metadata table (with `txpool_tx_meta_t`).
This has several benefits, including:

* When the mempool is large (>8192 txs), we no longer experience cache misses and unnecessarily re-verify ring signatures. This greatly improves block propagation time for FCMP++ blocks under load
* For the same reason, reorg handling can be sped up by storing verification IDs of transactions popped from the chain
* Speeds up re-validating every mempool transaction on fork change (monerod revalidates the whole tx-pool on HFs #10142)
* Caches results for every single type of Monero transaction, not just latest RCT type
* Cache persists over a node restart
* Uses 512KiB less RAM (8192*2*32B)
* No additional storage or DB migration required since `txpool_tx_meta_t` already had padding allocated
* Moves more verification logic out of `cryptonote::Blockchain`

Furthermore, this opens the door to future multi-threaded block verification
speed-ups. Right now, transactions' input proof verification is limited to one
transaction at a time. However, one can imagine a scenario with verification IDs
where input proofs are optimistically multi-threaded in advance of block
processing. Then, even though ring member fetching and verification is
single-threaded inside of `cryptonote::Blockchain::check_tx_inputs()`, the
single thread can skip the CPU-intensive cryptographic code if the verification
ID allows it.

Also changes the default log category in `tx_verification_utils.cpp` from "blockchain" to "verify".

utils/python-rpc/framework/daemon.py

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ class Daemon(object):
     def __init__(self, protocol='http', host='127.0.0.1', port=0, idx=0, restricted_rpc = False, username=None, password=None):
         base = 18480 if restricted_rpc else 18180
         self.host = host
-        self.port = port
-        self.rpc = JSONRPC('{protocol}://{host}:{port}'.format(protocol=protocol, host=host, port=port if port else base+idx),
+        self.port = port if port else base+idx
+        self.rpc = JSONRPC('{protocol}://{host}:{port}'.format(protocol=protocol, host=host, port=self.port),
             username, password)
 
     def getblocktemplate(self, address, prev_block = "", client = ""):