add lint for duplicate feature under a statement (#2573)

* add lint for duplicate feature under a statement

* add support for more scopes

* fix format for duplicate feature lint

* fix false positives for duplicate features lint

* remove unused code and comments

Signed-off-by: vibhatsu <maulikbarot2915@gmail.com>

* refactor duplicate feature lint to use yaml parser

Signed-off-by: vibhatsu <maulikbarot2915@gmail.com>

* update CHANGELOG

Signed-off-by: vibhatsu <maulikbarot2915@gmail.com>

* clarify for using rule definition

Signed-off-by: vibhatsu <maulikbarot2915@gmail.com>

* update CHANGELOG

Signed-off-by: vibhatsu <maulikbarot2915@gmail.com>

* refactor duplicate feature lint to improve key generation and tracking of line numbers

Signed-off-by: vibhatsu <maulikbarot2915@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: vibhatsu <maulikbarot2915@gmail.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ## master (unreleased)
 
 ### New Features
-
+- add lint for detecting duplicate features in capa-rules #2250 @v1bh475u
 - add span-of-calls scope to match features against a across a sliding window of API calls within a thread @williballenthin #2532
 - add lint to catch rules that depend on other rules with impossible scope @williballenthin #2124
 

scripts/lint.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import logging
 import argparse
 import itertools
 import posixpath
+from typing import Any, Dict, List
 from pathlib import Path
 from dataclasses import field, dataclass
 
@@ -597,6 +598,88 @@ class OptionalNotUnderAnd(Lint):
         return self.violation
 
 
+class DuplicateFeatureUnderStatement(Lint):
+    name = "rule contains a duplicate features"
+    recommendation = "remove the duplicate features"
+    recommendation_template = '\n\tduplicate line: "{:s}"\t: line numbers: {:s}'
+    violation = False
+
+    def check_rule(self, ctx: Context, rule: Rule) -> bool:
+        self.violation = False
+        self.recommendation = ""
+        STATEMENTS = frozenset(
+            {
+                "or",
+                "and",
+                "not",
+                "optional",
+                "some",
+                "basic block",
+                "function",
+                "instruction",
+                "call",
+                " or more",
+            }
+        )
+        # rule.statement discards the duplicate features by default so
+        # need to use the rule definition to check for duplicates
+        data = rule._get_ruamel_yaml_parser().load(rule.definition)
+
+        def get_line_number(line: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+            lc = getattr(line, "lc", None)
+            if lc and hasattr(lc, "line"):
+                return lc.line + 1
+            return 0
+
+        def is_statement(key: str) -> bool:
+            # to generalize the check for 'n or more' statements
+            return any(statement in key for statement in STATEMENTS)
+
+        def get_feature_key(feature_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+            # need this for generating key for multi-lined feature
+            # for example,         - string: /dbghelp\.dll/i
+            #                        description: WindBG
+            parts = []
+            for key, value in list(feature_dict.items()):
+                parts.append(f"{key}: {value}")
+            return "- " + ", ".join(parts)
+
+        def find_duplicates(features: List[Any]) -> None:
+            if not isinstance(features, list):
+                return
+
+            seen_features: Dict[str, List[int]] = {}
+            for item in features:
+                if not isinstance(item, dict):
+                    continue
+
+                if any(is_statement(key) for key in item.keys()):
+                    for key, value in item.items():
+                        if is_statement(key):
+                            # recursively check nested features
+                            find_duplicates(value)
+                    continue
+
+                feature_key = get_feature_key(item)
+                line_num = get_line_number(item)
+                if feature_key in seen_features:
+                    self.violation = True
+                    seen_features[feature_key].append(line_num)
+                else:
+                    seen_features[feature_key] = [line_num]
+            for feature_key, line_numbers in seen_features.items():
+                if len(line_numbers) > 1:
+                    sorted_lines = sorted(line_numbers)
+                    self.recommendation += self.recommendation_template.format(
+                        feature_key, ", ".join(str(line) for line in sorted_lines)
+                    )
+
+        features = data["rule"].get("features", [])
+        find_duplicates(features)
+
+        return self.violation
+
+
 class UnusualMetaField(Lint):
     name = "unusual meta field"
     recommendation = "Remove the meta field"
@@ -916,6 +999,7 @@ LOGIC_LINTS = (
     OrStatementWithAlwaysTrueChild(),
     NotNotUnderAnd(),
     OptionalNotUnderAnd(),
+    DuplicateFeatureUnderStatement(),
     RuleDependencyScopeMismatch(),
 )