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150 lines
7.0 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
7.0 KiB
Markdown
# GCP - BigQuery Privesc
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## BigQuery
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For more information about BigQuery check:
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{% content-ref url="../gcp-services/gcp-bigquery-enum.md" %}
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[gcp-bigquery-enum.md](../gcp-services/gcp-bigquery-enum.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### Read Table
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Reading the information stored inside the a BigQuery table it might be possible to find s**ensitive information**. To access the info the permission needed is **`bigquery.tables.get`** , **`bigquery.jobs.create`** and **`bigquery.tables.getData`**:
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```bash
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bq head <dataset>.<table>
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bq query --nouse_legacy_sql 'SELECT * FROM `<proj>.<dataset>.<table-name>` LIMIT 1000'
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```
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### Export data
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This is another way to access the data. **Export it to a cloud storage bucket** and the **download the files** with the information.\
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To perform this action the following permissions are needed: **`bigquery.tables.export`**, **`bigquery.jobs.create`** and **`storage.objects.create`**.
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```bash
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bq extract <dataset>.<table> "gs://<bucket>/table*.csv"
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```
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### Insert data
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It might be possible to **introduce certain trusted data** in a Bigquery table to abuse a **vulnerability in some other place.** This can be easily done with the permissions **`bigquery.tables.get`** , **`bigquery.tables.updateData`** and **`bigquery.jobs.create`**:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Via query
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bq query --nouse_legacy_sql 'INSERT INTO `<proj>.<dataset>.<table-name>` (rank, refresh_date, dma_name, dma_id, term, week, score) VALUES (22, "2023-12-28", "Baltimore MD", 512, "Ms", "2019-10-13", 62), (22, "2023-12-28", "Baltimore MD", 512, "Ms", "2020-05-24", 67)'
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# Via insert param
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bq insert dataset.table /tmp/mydata.json
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```
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{% endcode %}
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### `bigquery.datasets.setIamPolicy`
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An attacker could abuse this privilege to **give himself further permissions** over a BigQuery dataset:
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```bash
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# For this you also need bigquery.tables.getIamPolicy
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bq add-iam-policy-binding \
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--member='user:<email>' \
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--role='roles/bigquery.admin' \
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<proj>:<dataset>
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# use the set-iam-policy if you don't have bigquery.tables.getIamPolicy
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```
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### `bigquery.datasets.update`, (`bigquery.datasets.get`)
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Just this permission allows to **update your access over a BigQuery dataset by modifying the ACLs** that indicate who can access it:
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```bash
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# Download current permissions, reqires bigquery.datasets.get
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bq show --format=prettyjson <proj>:<dataset> > acl.json
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## Give permissions to the desired user
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bq update --source acl.json <proj>:<dataset>
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## Read it with
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bq head $PROJECT_ID:<dataset>.<table>
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```
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### `bigquery.tables.setIamPolicy`
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An attacker could abuse this privilege to **give himself further permissions** over a BigQuery table:
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```bash
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# For this you also need bigquery.tables.setIamPolicy
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bq add-iam-policy-binding \
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--member='user:<email>' \
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--role='roles/bigquery.admin' \
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<proj>:<dataset>.<table>
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# use the set-iam-policy if you don't have bigquery.tables.setIamPolicy
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```
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### `bigquery.rowAccessPolicies.update`, `bigquery.rowAccessPolicies.setIamPolicy`, `bigquery.tables.getData`, `bigquery.jobs.create`
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According to the docs, with the mention permissions it's possible to **update a row policy.**\
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However, **using the cli `bq`** you need some more: **`bigquery.rowAccessPolicies.create`**, **`bigquery.tables.get`**.
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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bq query --nouse_legacy_sql 'CREATE OR REPLACE ROW ACCESS POLICY <filter_id> ON `<proj>.<dataset-name>.<table-name>` GRANT TO ("<user:user@email.xyz>") FILTER USING (term = "Cfba");' # A example filter was used
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```
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{% endcode %}
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It's possible to find the filter ID in the output of the row policies enumeration. Example:
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```bash
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bq ls --row_access_policies <proj>:<dataset>.<table>
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Id Filter Predicate Grantees Creation Time Last Modified Time
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------------- ------------------ ----------------------------- ----------------- --------------------
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apac_filter term = "Cfba" user:asd@hacktricks.xyz 21 Jan 23:32:09 21 Jan 23:32:09
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```
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If you have **`bigquery.rowAccessPolicies.delete`** instead of `bigquery.rowAccessPolicies.update` you could also just delete the policy:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Remove one
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bq query --nouse_legacy_sql 'DROP ALL ROW ACCESS POLICY <policy_id> ON `<proj>.<dataset-name>.<table-name>`;'
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# Remove all (if it's the last row policy you need to use this
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bq query --nouse_legacy_sql 'DROP ALL ROW ACCESS POLICIES ON `<proj>.<dataset-name>.<table-name>`;'
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% hint style="danger" %}
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Another potential option to bypass row access policies would be to just change the value of the restricted data. If you can only see when `term` is `Cfba`, just modify all the records of the table to have `term = "Cfba"`. However this is prevented by bigquery.
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{% endhint %}
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
|
|
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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