fix(misconf): wrap legacy ENV values in quotes to preserve spaces (#9497)

Signed-off-by: nikpivkin <nikita.pivkin@smartforce.io>
Co-authored-by: DmitriyLewen <91113035+DmitriyLewen@users.noreply.github.com>

pkg/fanal/analyzer/imgconf/dockerfile/dockerfile.go

@@ -103,8 +103,10 @@ func imageConfigToDockerfile(cfg *v1.ConfigFile) []byte {
 		case strings.HasPrefix(h.CreatedBy, "HEALTHCHECK"):
 			// HEALTHCHECK instruction
 			createdBy = buildHealthcheckInstruction(cfg.Config.Healthcheck)
+		case strings.HasPrefix(h.CreatedBy, "ENV"):
+			createdBy = restoreEnvLine(h.CreatedBy)
 		default:
-			for _, prefix := range []string{"ARG", "ENV", "ENTRYPOINT"} {
+			for _, prefix := range []string{"ARG", "ENTRYPOINT"} {
 				if strings.HasPrefix(h.CreatedBy, prefix) {
 					createdBy = h.CreatedBy
 					break
@@ -169,6 +171,22 @@ func normalizeCopyCreatedBy(input string) string {
 	return copyInRe.ReplaceAllString(input, `$1 `)
 }
 
+// restoreEnvLine normalizes a Dockerfile ENV instruction from image history.
+//
+// Legacy Dockerfiles may use ENV in the form: "ENV key val1 val2".
+// Docker stores this in image history as: "ENV key=val1 val2".
+// This can cause parsing errors, because extra tokens are treated as separate keys.
+// restoreEnvLine converts such lines into a valid `ENV <key>="<value>"` format
+// and wraps the value in quotes to preserve internal spaces and tabs.
+// e.g. `ENV tags=latest v0.0.0` -> `ENV key="latest v0.0.0"`
+func restoreEnvLine(createdBy string) string {
+	k, v, ok := strings.Cut(createdBy, "=")
+	if !ok {
+		return createdBy
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s=%q", k, v)
+}
+
 func (a *historyAnalyzer) Required(_ types.OS) bool {
 	return true
 }

pkg/fanal/analyzer/imgconf/dockerfile/dockerfile_test.go

@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ func Test_ImageConfigToDockerfile(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: `ARG TAG=latest
-ENV TAG=latest
+ENV TAG="latest"
 ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo test"]
 `,
 		},
@@ -458,6 +458,17 @@ HEALTHCHECK NONE
 ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh"]
 `,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "legacy env format",
+			input: &v1.ConfigFile{
+				History: []v1.History{
+					{
+						CreatedBy: "ENV TEST=foo bar",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: "ENV TEST=\"foo bar\"\n",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {